---
title: frosty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «frosty» in the school dictionary: Very cold, with frost (thin white ice) on the ground and on things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# frosty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** It, grass, car windows, Dad, steps, teacher · **What happens:** cover, be, sparkle, scrape, make, give · **To what, where:** frosty morning, windows, frosty look, us, tender plants, famous song

<!-- .vabout -->
«frosty» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [frosty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/frosty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very cold, with frost (thin white ice) on the ground and on things.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:m1:1
# text = Very cold, with frost (thin white ice) on the ground and on things.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covered with frost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:m2:1
# text = Covered with frost.
1	Covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with frost | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with frost=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unfriendly and cold in manner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:m3:1
# text = Unfriendly and cold in manner.
1	Unfriendly	unfriendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a frosty morning, and the grass sparkled white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:x1:1
# text = It was a frosty morning, and the grass sparkled white.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sparkled	sparkle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a frosty morning |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sparkle** | past | the grass |  |  |  |  | white *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car windows were frosty, so Dad scraped them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:x2:1
# text = The car windows were frosty, so Dad scraped them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	scraped	scrape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the car windows |  |  |  |  | frosty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **scrape** | past | Dad | windows *= window* |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful — the steps are frosty and slippery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:x3:1
# text = Be careful — the steps are frosty and slippery.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	csubj	_	_
3	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	slippery	slippery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the steps |  |  |  |  | frosty *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the steps *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our breath made clouds in the frosty air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:x4:1
# text = Our breath made clouds in the frosty air.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher gave us a frosty look when we were late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:x5:1
# text = The teacher gave us a frosty look when we were late.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the teacher | a frosty look | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient look=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | we |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frosty nights can kill tender plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:x6:1
# text = Frosty nights can kill tender plants.
1	Frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nights	night	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	tender	tender	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | can | Frosty nights | tender plants |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spider's web looked beautiful on the frosty fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:x7:1
# text = The spider's web looked beautiful on the frosty fence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	web	web	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the spider's web |  |  |  |  | on the frosty fence; beautiful *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on fence=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frosty the Snowman is a famous song.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:x8:1
# text = Frosty the Snowman is a famous song.
1	Frosty	Frosty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Snowman	Snowman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Frosty | a famous song |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was in winter, in severe and frosty weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frosty:x9:1
# text = It was in winter, in severe and frosty weather.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	frosty	frosty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | in winter and severe weather | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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