---
title: fudge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fudge» in the school dictionary: Fudge is a soft, sweet candy made from sugar, butter and milk, often with chocolate. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fudge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Fudge, facts, unclear compromise, swear word, something, Gran · **What happens:** be, make, fudge, give, change, look · **To what, where:** soft sweet candy, sugar, something, clear answer, facts, unclear compromise · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fudge» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fudge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fudge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fudge is a soft, sweet candy made from sugar, butter and milk, often with chocolate.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:m1:1
# text = Fudge is a soft, sweet candy made from sugar, butter and milk, often with chocolate.
1	Fudge	fudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	candy	candy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fudge | a soft sweet candy and chocolate |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a soft sweet candy and chocolate *not said here* |  | sugar and butter and milk |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from sugar=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To fudge something is to avoid giving a clear answer, or to change facts or numbers a little to make them look better.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:m2:1
# text = To fudge something is to avoid giving a clear answer, or to change facts or numbers a little to make them look better.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	fudge	fudge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
15	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fudge** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | avoid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | gerund |  | a clear answer |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |
| 4 | **change** | to-infinitive |  | facts or numbers |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Patient |
| 5 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | facts *= fact* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **look** | infinitive | facts *= fact* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fudge is an unclear compromise that hides a problem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:m3:1
# text = A fudge is an unclear compromise that hides a problem.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fudge	fudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	unclear	unclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	compromise	compromise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hides	hide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fudge | a unclear compromise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hide** | present | a unclear compromise | a problem |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, euphemism — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Oh fudge!" is a polite way of saying a swear word when something goes wrong.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:m4:1
# text = "Oh fudge!" is a polite way of saying a swear word when something goes wrong.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	_
3	fudge	fudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	swear	swear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	17	mark	_	_
16	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	nsubj	_	_
17	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
18	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | fudge | a polite way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a swear word | a polite way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent way=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | present | something |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran makes chocolate fudge for the holidays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:x1:1
# text = Gran makes chocolate fudge for the holidays.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	fudge	fudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Gran | chocolate fudge |  |  |  | for the holidays | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent fudge=Material for holiday=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We bought fudge at the seaside shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:x2:1
# text = We bought fudge at the seaside shop.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	bought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fudge	fudge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	seaside	seaside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fudge** |  | We |  |  | the seaside shop |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't fudge your results; write what really happened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:x3:1
# text = Don't fudge your results; write what really happened.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	fudge	fudge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	nsubj	_	_
9	really	really	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fudge** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your results |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **happen** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **result** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He fudged the question and didn't really answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:x4:1
# text = He fudged the question and didn't really answer.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fudged	fudge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	really	really	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	answer	answer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fudge** | past | He | the question |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **answer** *speech: assert* | past · do-support | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oh fudge, I've dropped my ice cream!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:x5:1
# text = Oh fudge, I've dropped my ice cream!
1	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
2	fudge	fudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	dropped	drop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | present · perfect | I | my ice cream |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cream=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The recipe needs 400 g of sugar for the fudge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:x6:1
# text = The recipe needs 400 g of sugar for the fudge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	400	400	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	g	G	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fudge	fudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | the recipe | 400 g of sugar for the fudge |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot g=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cut the fudge into 24 squares.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:x7:1
# text = Cut the fudge into 24 squares.
1	Cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fudge	fudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	squares	square	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | imperative | you *not said here* | the fudge |  | 24 squares |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent fudge=Material into square=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plan was a fudge that pleased nobody.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fudge:x8:1
# text = The plan was a fudge that pleased nobody.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fudge	fudge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the plan | a fudge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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