---
title: ful — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ful» in the school dictionary: «-ful» is an ending added to a word to make an adjective meaning «full of» or «having»: careful, hopeful, colourful, helpful. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ful

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ful, adjective, you, She, garden, He · **What happens:** be, add, make, mean, have, not be · **To what, where:** ending, adjective, full, ful, noun, fragment · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ful» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ful in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ful.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«-ful» is an ending added to a word to make an adjective meaning «full of» or «having»: careful, hopeful, colourful, helpful.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:m1:1
# text = «-ful» is an ending added to a word to make an adjective meaning «full of» or «having»: careful, hopeful, colourful, helpful.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ful	ful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ending	ending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
26	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	hopeful	hopeful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	colourful	colourful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	helpful	helpful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | ful | a ending |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | participle |  | a ending *not said here* |  |  |  | to a word | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to word=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a adjective |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset adjective=Product |
| 4 | **mean** | gerund | a adjective *not said here* | full |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent full=Topic |
| 5 | **have** *in a quote* | gerund | a adjective *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«-ful» added to a container noun makes a noun for an amount: a spoonful, a handful, a cupful.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:m2:1
# text = «-ful» added to a container noun makes a noun for an amount: a spoonful, a handful, a cupful.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ful	ful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	container	container	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	spoonful	spoonful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	handful	handful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	cupful	cupful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | participle |  | ful *not said here* |  |  |  | to a container noun | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to noun=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | ful | a noun |  |  |  | for a amount | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent noun=Product for amount=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a separate word «ful» is not English; it is a fragment, a spelling mistake for «full», or part of a broken word.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:m3:1
# text = As a separate word «ful» is not English; it is a fragment, a spelling mistake for «full», or part of a broken word.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	separate	separate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ful	ful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fragment	fragment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	amod	_	_
30	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as a separate word and ful; english *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | ful | a fragment |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful when you cross the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:x1:1
# text = Be careful when you cross the road.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cross	cross	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cross** | present | you | the road |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Add two spoonfuls of sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:x2:1
# text = Add two spoonfuls of sugar.
1	Add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	spoonfuls	spoonful	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | two spoonfuls of sugar |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spoonful=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was hopeful about the test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:x3:1
# text = She was hopeful about the test.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hopeful	hopeful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | about the test; hopeful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The garden was full of colourful flowers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:x4:1
# text = The garden was full of colourful flowers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	colourful	colourful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the garden |  |  |  |  | of colourful flowers; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spell «helpful» with one «l» at the end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:x5:1
# text = Spell «helpful» with one «l» at the end.
1	Spell	spell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	helpful	helpful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	l	l	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spell** | imperative | you *not said here* | helpful |  |  | at the end | with one l | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent helpful=Theme with l=Manner |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He grabbed a handful of sweets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:x6:1
# text = He grabbed a handful of sweets.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grabbed	grab	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	handful	handful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grab** | past | He | a handful of sweets |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent handful=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How thank-ful-ly he looked at the man who had brought it!

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ful:x7:1
# text = How thank-ful-ly he looked at the man who had brought it!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	thank	thank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	ful	ful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	ly	ly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | thank ful ly |  |  |  |  | at the man | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at man=Theme |
| 2 | **bring** | past · perfect · passive |  | the man |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Destination it=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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