---
title: fungus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fungus» in the school dictionary: A fungus is a living thing such as a mushroom, toadstool, mould or yeast that is neither a plant nor an animal; it feeds on dead or living things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fungus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fungus, yeast, mushroom, Fungi, green fungus, you · **What happens:** be, feed, help, break down, use, make · **To what, where:** living thing, plant, growth, food, kind, dead leaves

<!-- .vabout -->
«fungus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fungus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fungus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fungus is a living thing such as a mushroom, toadstool, mould or yeast that is neither a plant nor an animal; it feeds on dead or living things.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:m1:1
# text = A fungus is a living thing such as a mushroom, toadstool, mould or yeast that is neither a plant nor an animal; it feeds on dead or living things.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	toadstool	toadstool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	mould	mould	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	yeast	yeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	21	cc:preconj	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	acl:relcl	_	_
22	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	24	cc	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	feeds	feed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
29	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	conj	_	_
32	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fungus | a living thing |  |  |  | such a mushroom and toadstool and mould or yeast | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | yeast | a plant nor a animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feed** | present | fungus |  |  |  |  | on dead things | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on thing=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fungus is a growth of mould on food, walls or skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:m2:1
# text = Fungus is a growth of mould on food, walls or skin.
1	Fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mould	mould	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fungus | a growth |  | food and walls or skin |  | of mould | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mushroom is a kind of fungus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:x1:1
# text = A mushroom is a kind of fungus.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mushroom | a kind |  |  |  | of fungus | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fungi help break down dead leaves on the forest floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:x2:1
# text = Fungi help break down dead leaves on the forest floor.
1	Fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Fungi |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **break down** | infinitive | Fungi *not said here* | dead leaves |  | the forest floor |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's green fungus on that old bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:x3:1
# text = There's green fungus on that old bread.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | green fungus |  |  | that old bread; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bread=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeast is a tiny fungus used to make bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:x4:1
# text = Yeast is a tiny fungus used to make bread.
1	Yeast	yeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Yeast | a tiny fungus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a tiny fungus *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | bread |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bread=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never pick and eat wild fungi.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:x5:1
# text = Never pick and eat wild fungi.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	pick	pick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pick** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **eat** | infinitive | you *not said here* | wild fungi |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:x6:1
# text = Athlete's foot is caused by a fungus.
1	Athlete	athlete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | a fungus | Athlete's foot |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fungus grew on the damp wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:x7:1
# text = Fungus grew on the damp wall.
1	Fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Fungus |  |  | the damp wall |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on wall=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But Iktomi's ears were like the fungus on a tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fungus:x8:1
# text = But Iktomi's ears were like the fungus on a tree.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Iktomi's ears |  |  | a tree |  | like the fungus | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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