---
title: furlough — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «furlough» in the school dictionary: A furlough is a time when workers are told not to come to work for a while, often because there is not enough work, and they may get less pay or none. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/furlough/)

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# furlough

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** furlough, workers, enough work, factory, She, soldier · **What happens:** be, tell, not come, work, get, furlough · **To what, where:** time, workers, less pay, duty, Dad, furlough · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«furlough» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [furlough in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/furlough.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A furlough is a time when workers are told not to come to work for a while, often because there is not enough work, and they may get less pay or none.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furlough:m1:1
# text = A furlough is a time when workers are told not to come to work for a while, often because there is not enough work, and they may get less pay or none.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	furlough	furlough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	often	often	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	22	expl	_	_
22	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
24	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
31	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	32	amod	_	_
32	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a furlough | a time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | workers |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **come** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | workers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **work** | to-infinitive | workers *not said here* |  |  |  | while |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **be** | present | enough work |  |  | there |  | often *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **get** | may | workers *= worker* | less pay |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pay=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A furlough is leave from duty for a soldier, or a short permitted absence from prison.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furlough:m2:1
# text = A furlough is leave from duty for a soldier, or a short permitted absence from prison.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	furlough	furlough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	permitted	permitted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a furlough |  |  | duty |  | for a soldier; a short permitted absence from prison *obl*; leave *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad was furloughed when the factory closed for a while.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furlough:x1:1
# text = Dad was furloughed when the factory closed for a while.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	furloughed	furlough	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **furlough** | past · passive |  | Dad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | participle | the factory |  |  |  | while |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was on furlough for three months.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furlough:x2:1
# text = She was on furlough for three months.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	furlough	furlough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  | furlough | month |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldier went home on furlough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furlough:x3:1
# text = The soldier went home on furlough.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	home	home	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	furlough	furlough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the soldier |  |  | furlough |  | home *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on furlough=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many workers were on furlough and earned 80 per cent of their pay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furlough:x4:1
# text = Many workers were on furlough and earned 80 per cent of their pay.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	furlough	furlough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	earned	earn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	80	80	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	per	per	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	cent	cent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Many workers |  |  | furlough |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **earn** | past | Many workers *not said here* | 80 per cent of workers's pay |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cent=Theme |
| 3 | **pay** |  | workers *= worker* |  |  |  |  |  | nom pay «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company furloughed half its staff.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furlough:x5:1
# text = The company furloughed half its staff.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	furloughed	furlough	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	6	det:predet	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **furlough** | past | the company | company's staff |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He went back to work after his furlough ended.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furlough:x6:1
# text = He went back to work after his furlough ended.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	furlough	furlough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **end** | past | his furlough |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A certain soldier was allowed to go home on furlough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furlough:x7:1
# text = A certain soldier was allowed to go home on furlough.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	home	home	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	furlough	furlough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **allow** | past · passive |  | a certain soldier |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a certain soldier *not said here* |  |  | furlough |  | home *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on furlough=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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