---
title: furnace — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «furnace» in the school dictionary: A furnace is a very hot enclosed fire or oven used to melt metal, make glass or burn things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# furnace

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** furnace, house, classroom, Glassblowers, car, three men · **What happens:** enclose, be, use, melt, make, burn · **To what, where:** hot enclosed fire, metal, glass, things, air, furnace · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«furnace» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [furnace in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/furnace.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A furnace is a very hot enclosed fire or oven used to melt metal, make glass or burn things.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:m1:1
# text = A furnace is a very hot enclosed fire or oven used to melt metal, make glass or burn things.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	enclosed	enclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	melt	melt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
17	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
20	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enclose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a furnace | a hot enclosed fire or oven |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a hot enclosed fire or oven *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **melt** | to-infinitive |  | metal |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient metal=Result |
| 5 | **make** | infinitive |  | glass |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset glass=Product |
| 6 | **burn** | infinitive |  | things |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: USA, Canada — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heater in a house that warms the air or water for the whole home.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:m2:1
# text = The heater in a house that warms the air or water for the whole home.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heater	heater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm** | present | a house | the air or water |  |  |  | for the whole home | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent air=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very hot place: «The classroom was a furnace today».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:m3:1
# text = A very hot place: «The classroom was a furnace today».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
12	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the classroom | a furnace |  |  | today |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The iron was melted in a huge furnace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:x1:1
# text = The iron was melted in a huge furnace.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | past · passive |  | the iron |  | a huge furnace |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our furnace broke, so the house was cold all night. (USA)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Our furnace broke, so the house was cold all night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:x2:1
# text = Our furnace broke, so the house was cold all night.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | Our furnace |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | the house |  |  |  | night | cold *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (USA)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:x2:2
# text = (USA)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glassblowers heat the glass in a furnace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:x3:1
# text = Glassblowers heat the glass in a furnace.
1	Glassblowers	glassblower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heat	heat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heat** | present | Glassblowers | the glass |  |  |  | in a furnace | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent glass=Patient in furnace=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car was like a furnace after sitting in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:x4:1
# text = The car was like a furnace after sitting in the sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the car |  |  |  |  | like a furnace | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit** | gerund | a furnace *not said here* |  |  | the sun. |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sun.=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible story, three men walked unharmed in the fiery furnace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:x5:1
# text = In the Bible story, three men walked unharmed in the fiery furnace.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	unharmed	unharmed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	fiery	fiery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | three men |  |  | the Bible story |  | in the fiery furnace; unharmed *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in story=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coal kept the old furnaces burning day and night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:x6:1
# text = Coal kept the old furnaces burning day and night.
1	Coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	furnaces	furnace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Coal | the old furnaces |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent furnace=Theme |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund | the old furnaces *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never go near a furnace without an adult; it can burn you badly.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:x7:1
# text = Never go near a furnace without an adult; it can burn you badly.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a furnace |  | without a adult | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme near furnace=Location |
| 2 | **burn** | can | adult | you |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Set me a task!” said he, with a voice like the roaring of an iron furnace.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:furnace:x8:1
# text = “Set me a task!” said he, with a voice like the roaring of an iron furnace.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	task	task	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	roaring	roaring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	iron	iron	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	furnace	furnace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | me |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent i=Theme task=Destination |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | he |  |  |  |  | with a voice like the roaring of a iron furnace | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **roar** |  | a iron furnace |  |  |  |  |  | nom roaring «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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