---
title: fusty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fusty» in the school dictionary: Smelling stale, damp and old, like a room shut up for a long time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fusty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old attic, you, window, We, museum, school · **What happens:** smell, shut up, open, be, find, have · **To what, where:** room, window, fusty old books, trunk, fusty old rules, cupboard

<!-- .vabout -->
«fusty» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fusty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fusty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smelling stale, damp and old, like a room shut up for a long time.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fusty:m1:1
# text = Smelling stale, damp and old, like a room shut up for a long time.
1	Smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	stale	stale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	shut	shut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | stale *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **shut up** | participle |  | a room *not said here* |  |  | time |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old-fashioned and dull in ideas: «fusty old rules».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fusty:m2:1
# text = Old-fashioned and dull in ideas: «fusty old rules».
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	fusty	fusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old attic smelled fusty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fusty:x1:1
# text = The old attic smelled fusty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	attic	attic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	fusty	fusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the old attic |  |  |  |  | fusty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Open a window – it's fusty in here.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fusty:x2:1
# text = Open a window – it's fusty in here.
1	Open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	–	-	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	fusty	fusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* | a window |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | window |  |  |  |  | fusty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found fusty old books in a trunk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fusty:x3:1
# text = We found fusty old books in a trunk.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fusty	fusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | fusty old books |  | a trunk |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum was full of fusty glass cases.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fusty:x4:1
# text = The museum was full of fusty glass cases.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	fusty	fusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the museum |  |  |  |  | of fusty glass cases; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school had some fusty old rules nobody followed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fusty:x5:1
# text = The school had some fusty old rules nobody followed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
5	fusty	fusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	nsubj	_	_
9	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the school | some fusty old rules |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |
| 2 | **follow** | past | nobody | some fusty old rules *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His coat smelled fusty after a year in the cupboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fusty:x6:1
# text = His coat smelled fusty after a year in the cupboard.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fusty	fusty	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cupboard	cupboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | His coat |  |  | the cupboard | year | fusty *property* | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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