---
title: gaelic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gaelic» in the school dictionary: Gaelic is a group of Celtic languages. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gaelic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Gaelic, people, Gaelic games, Gaelic football, cousin, We · **What happens:** be, mean, do, speak, hurl, call · **To what, where:** group, Gaels, languages, camogie, Gaelic football, Scottish Gaelic · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gaelic» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gaelic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gaelic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gaelic is a group of Celtic languages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:m1:1
# text = Gaelic is a group of Celtic languages.
1	Gaelic	gaelic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Celtic	celtic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gaelic | a group |  |  |  | of Celtic languages | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Irish (Gaeilge) in Ireland and Scottish Gaelic in Scotland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:m1e:1
# text = Irish (Gaeilge) in Ireland and Scottish Gaelic in Scotland.
1	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Gaeilge	Gaeilge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gaelic means to do with the Gaels, the people who speak these languages, and their culture.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:m2:1
# text = Gaelic means to do with the Gaels, the people who speak these languages, and their culture.
1	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Gaels	Gael	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Gaelic |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | the Gaels |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gael=Eventuality |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | the people | this languages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gaelic games are the Irish sports of Gaelic football, hurling, camogie and handball; Gaelic football is often just called "Gaelic".

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:m3:1
# text = Gaelic games are the Irish sports of Gaelic football, hurling, camogie and handball; Gaelic football is often just called "Gaelic".
1	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	camogie	camogie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	handball	handball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
17	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
20	often	often	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	just	just	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
23	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Gaelic games |  |  |  |  | of Gaelic football | tree rules |
| 2 | **hurl** | gerund | Gaelic football *not said here* | camogie and handball |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camogie=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive | Gaelic football *not said here* | Gaelic football |  |  |  | gaelic, often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin plays Gaelic football for her county.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:x1:1
# text = My cousin plays Gaelic football for her county.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	county	county	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | My cousin | Gaelic football |  |  |  | for cousin's county | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent football=Theme for county=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scottish Gaelic is spoken on the islands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:x2:1
# text = Scottish Gaelic is spoken on the islands.
1	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Gaelic	Gaelic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | Scottish Gaelic |  | the islands |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned a song in Gaelic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:x3:1
# text = We learned a song in Gaelic.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Gaelic	Gaelic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We | a song |  | Gaelic |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road signs are in English and Gaelic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:x4:1
# text = The road signs are in English and Gaelic.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the road signs |  |  |  |  | english *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the road signs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gaelic games are very popular in Ireland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:x5:1
# text = Gaelic games are very popular in Ireland.
1	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Gaelic games |  |  | Ireland |  | popular *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Fáilte" means welcome in Irish Gaelic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:x6:1
# text = "Fáilte" means welcome in Irish Gaelic.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Fáilte	Fáilte	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	welcome	welcome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Gaelic	Gaelic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Fáilte |  |  |  |  | welcome *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He goes to a Gaelic-medium school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:x7:1
# text = He goes to a Gaelic-medium school.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	medium	medium	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | He |  |  | a medium school |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Gaelic football a goal is worth 3 points.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:x8:1
# text = In Gaelic football a goal is worth 3 points.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a goal |  |  | Gaelic football |  | worth *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Fair, Brown, and Trembling"--these four in Gaelic, the last in Erse.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaelic:x9:1
# text = "Fair, Brown, and Trembling"--these four in Gaelic, the last in Erse.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Trembling	trembling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	parataxis	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Gaelic	Gaelic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Erse	Erse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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