---
title: gaily — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gaily» in the school dictionary: In a happy, cheerful, lively way: «The children sang gaily.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gaily

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, trouble, He, Toad, She, singer · **What happens:** sing, paint, think, cause, spend, dance · **To what, where:** money, maypole, coloured caravan, Flags, wind, train · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gaily» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gaily in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gaily.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a happy, cheerful, lively way: «The children sang gaily.».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:m1:1
# text = In a happy, cheerful, lively way: «The children sang gaily.».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
3	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	lively	lively	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
14	gaily	gaily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | the children |  |  |  |  | gaily *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brightly and colourfully: «gaily painted boats».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:m2:1
# text = Brightly and colourfully: «gaily painted boats».
1	Brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	colourfully	colourfully	ADV	RB	_	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | gaily *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carelessly, without thinking about the trouble it causes: «He gaily spent all the money.».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:m3:1
# text = Carelessly, without thinking about the trouble it causes: «He gaily spent all the money.».
1	Carelessly	carelessly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | trouble *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about the trouble | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about trouble=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | present | trouble |  |  |  |  | carelessly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **spend** *in a quote* | past | He | all money |  |  |  | gaily *property* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children danced gaily round the maypole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:x1:1
# text = The children danced gaily round the maypole.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	danced	dance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	round	round	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	maypole	maypole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dance** | past | the children |  |  | the maypole |  | gaily *property* | vn waltz-51.5 «NP V PP.trajectory PP.goal»: agent=Theme round maypole=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The canary-coloured caravan was gaily painted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:x2:1
# text = The canary-coloured caravan was gaily painted.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	canary	canary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past · passive |  | the coloured caravan |  |  |  | gaily *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flags fluttered gaily in the wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:x3:1
# text = Flags fluttered gaily in the wind.
1	Flags	flag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	fluttered	flutter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flutter** | participle |  | Flags *not said here* |  | the wind |  | gaily *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad sang gaily as he drove off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:x4:1
# text = Toad sang gaily as he drove off.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gaily	gaily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Toad |  |  |  |  | gaily *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **drive off** | past | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She waved gaily from the train.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:x5:1
# text = She waved gaily from the train.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | past | She |  |  | the train |  | gaily *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gaily promised things he could not do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:x6:1
# text = He gaily promised things he could not do.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | He | things |  |  |  | gaily *property* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **do** | could | he | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The singer gaily mounted the ancient stage, and sang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaily:x7:1
# text = The singer gaily mounted the ancient stage, and sang.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	gaily	gaily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mounted	mount	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mount** | past | the singer | the ancient stage |  |  |  | gaily *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stage=Patient |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the singer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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