---
title: gait — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gait» in the school dictionary: The way a person or animal walks or runs: the pattern and style of their steps. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gait

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, steps, pattern, horse, old man, You · **What happens:** run, pattern, step, move, walk, trot · **To what, where:** way, ways, Grandad, four main gaits, uneven gait, gait · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gait» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gait in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gait.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The way a person or animal walks or runs: the pattern and style of their steps.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gait:m1:1
# text = The way a person or animal walks or runs: the pattern and style of their steps.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	walks	walk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
9	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | a person | the way |  |  |  | the pattern of pattern's steps and style *obl* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **pattern** |  | pattern's steps |  |  |  |  |  | nom pattern «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |
| 3 | **step** |  | pattern |  |  |  |  |  | nom step «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: horses — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One of the ways a horse moves: walk, trot, canter or gallop.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gait:m2:1
# text = One of the ways a horse moves: walk, trot, canter or gallop.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	trot	trot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	canter	canter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	gallop	gallop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | a horse | the ways *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent way=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | infinitive | a horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **trot** | infinitive | a horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **canter** | infinitive | a horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **gallop** | infinitive | a horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man walked with a slow, shuffling gait.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gait:x1:1
# text = The old man walked with a slow, shuffling gait.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	shuffling	shuffle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	gait	gait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | the old man |  |  |  |  | with a slow shuffling gait | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shuffle** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You could tell it was Grandad by his gait.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gait:x2:1
# text = You could tell it was Grandad by his gait.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	gait	gait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | could | You |  |  |  |  | by Grandad's gait | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | it | Grandad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horse has four main gaits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gait:x3:1
# text = A horse has four main gaits.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gaits	gait	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a horse | four main gaits |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gait=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The injured dog had an uneven gait.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gait:x4:1
# text = The injured dog had an uneven gait.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	uneven	uneven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gait	gait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the injured dog | a uneven gait |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gait=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her confident gait showed she wasn't scared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gait:x5:1
# text = Her confident gait showed she wasn't scared.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	confident	confident	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gait	gait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Her confident gait |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | gait |  |  |  |  | scared *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trainer filmed my gait to check my running shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gait:x6:1
# text = The trainer filmed my gait to check my running shoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	filmed	film	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	gait	gait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	running	running	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **film** | past | the trainer | my gait |  |  |  |  | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gait=Theme |
| 2 | **check** | to-infinitive | the trainer *not said here* | my running shoes |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was soon able to imitate the gait and manner of everyone in the street.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gait:x7:1
# text = He was soon able to imitate the gait and manner of everyone in the street.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	imitate	imitate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gait	gait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | able, soon *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **imitate** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | the gait of everyone and manner |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gait=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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