---
title: gaiter — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gaiter» in the school dictionary: A cover made of cloth or leather worn over the ankle and lower leg, to keep out mud, snow or stones. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gaiter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cover, bishops, you, path, old gamekeeper, Snow · **What happens:** make, wear, keep out, put, be, get · **To what, where:** cover, leather, ankle, mud, Leather leggings, gaiters

<!-- .vabout -->
«gaiter» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gaiter in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gaiter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cover made of cloth or leather worn over the ankle and lower leg, to keep out mud, snow or stones.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaiter:m1:1
# text = A cover made of cloth or leather worn over the ankle and lower leg, to keep out mud, snow or stones.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ankle	ankle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	amod	_	_
14	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a cover *not said here* |  |  |  | of cloth or leather | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **wear** | participle |  | leather *not said here* |  | the ankle and lower leg |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **keep out** | to-infinitive | a cover | mud and snow or stones |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mud=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leather leggings once worn by bishops, soldiers and gentlemen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaiter:m2:1
# text = Leather leggings once worn by bishops, soldiers and gentlemen.
1	Leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	leggings	legging	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bishops	bishop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	gentlemen	gentleman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | participle · passive | bishops and soldiers and gentlemen | Leather leggings |  |  |  | once *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent subject=Source |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put your gaiters on — the path is muddy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaiter:x1:1
# text = Put your gaiters on — the path is muddy.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	gaiters	gaiter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | your gaiters |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent gaiter=Goal |
| 2 | **is** | present | the path |  |  |  |  | muddy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old gamekeeper wore leather gaiters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaiter:x2:1
# text = The old gamekeeper wore leather gaiters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gamekeeper	gamekeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	leather	leather	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gaiters	gaiter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the old gamekeeper | leather gaiters |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent gaiter=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snow got into her boots because she forgot her gaiters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaiter:x3:1
# text = Snow got into her boots because she forgot her gaiters.
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	gaiters	gaiter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Snow |  |  | Snow's boots |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into boot=Destination |
| 2 | **forget** | past | Snow | Snow's gaiters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I wear a neck gaiter when skiing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaiter:x4:1
# text = I wear a neck gaiter when skiing.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	gaiter	gaiter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	skiing	ski	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | I | a neck gaiter |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent gaiter=Source |
| 2 | **ski** | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bishop in the old picture wore black gaiters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaiter:x5:1
# text = The bishop in the old picture wore black gaiters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bishop	bishop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	gaiters	gaiter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the bishop in the old picture | black gaiters |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent gaiter=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gaiters fasten with a strap under the boot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaiter:x6:1
# text = Gaiters fasten with a strap under the boot.
1	Gaiters	gaiter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fasten	fasten	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	strap	strap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	boot	boot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | present | Gaiters |  |  | the boot |  | with a strap | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent with strap=Co-Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wore gaiters, stiff collars, and powdered hair, and by this he was recognized; and, indeed, he might be known by the word of command--"March! halt! front!"

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gaiter:x7:1
# text = He wore gaiters, stiff collars, and powdered hair, and by this he was recognized; and, indeed, he might be known by the word of command--"March! halt! front!"
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gaiters	gaiter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	collars	collar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	powdered	powder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	recognized	recognize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	March	March	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	_
36	halt	halt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	38	punct	_	_
38	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	38	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | He | gaiters and stiff collars |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent gaiter=Source |
| 2 | **powder** | past |  | hair |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient |
| 3 | **recognize** | past · passive |  | this |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **know** | might · passive | the word of command  front and March halt | he |  |  |  | indeed *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |
| 5 | **word** |  |  | command |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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