---
title: galaxy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «galaxy» in the school dictionary: A galaxy is a huge group of billions of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# galaxy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** galaxy, Sun, billions, Andromeda Galaxy, spiral galaxy, stars · **What happens:** be, hold together, call, mean, look, whirlpool · **To what, where:** huge group, gas, galaxy, one, large group, one star · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«galaxy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [galaxy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/galaxy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A galaxy is a huge group of billions of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:m1:1
# text = A galaxy is a huge group of billions of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	billions	billion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a galaxy | a huge group |  |  |  | of billions of stars | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold together** | participle |  | gas and dust *not said here* |  |  |  | together *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way; the Sun is one of its stars.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:m2:1
# text = Our galaxy is called the Milky Way; the Sun is one of its stars.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Milky	milky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Way	Way	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	parataxis	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | Our galaxy |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the Sun | one |  |  |  | of Sun's stars | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informally, «a galaxy of» means a large group of famous or bright people or things.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:m3:1
# text = Informally, «a galaxy of» means a large group of famous or bright people or things.
1	Informally	informally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a galaxy | a large group of famous people or things |  |  |  | informally *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun is one star in the Milky Way galaxy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:x1:1
# text = The Sun is one star in the Milky Way galaxy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	Milky	milky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	Way	Way	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Sun | one star |  | the Milky Way galaxy |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are billions of galaxies in the universe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:x2:1
# text = There are billions of galaxies in the universe.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	billions	billion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	universe	universe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | billions of galaxies |  |  | the universe; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in universe=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Andromeda Galaxy is our nearest big neighbour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:x3:1
# text = The Andromeda Galaxy is our nearest big neighbour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Andromeda	Andromeda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Galaxy	Galaxy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	nearest	near	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Andromeda Galaxy | our nearest big neighbour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spiral galaxy looks like a whirlpool of stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:x4:1
# text = A spiral galaxy looks like a whirlpool of stars.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	spiral	spiral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	whirlpool	whirlpool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | a spiral galaxy |  |  |  |  | like a whirlpool of stars | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **whirlpool** |  | stars |  |  |  |  |  | nom whirlpool «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light from distant galaxies takes millions of years to reach us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:x5:1
# text = Light from distant galaxies takes millions of years to reach us.
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
11	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | Light from distant galaxies | millions of years |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme |
| 2 | **reach** | to-infinitive | Light from distant galaxies *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On a dark night we saw our galaxy as a misty band.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:x6:1
# text = On a dark night we saw our galaxy as a misty band.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	misty	misty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | we | our galaxy |  |  | night | as a misty band | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer galaxy=Stimulus as band=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film was set in a faraway galaxy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:x7:1
# text = The film was set in a faraway galaxy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	faraway	faraway	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past · passive |  | the film |  | a faraway galaxy |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in galaxy=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The show had a galaxy of stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:galaxy:x8:1
# text = The show had a galaxy of stars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the show | a galaxy of stars |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent galaxy=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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