---
title: gallantry — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gallantry» in the school dictionary: Great bravery, especially in battle or danger. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gallantry

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** firefighter, knight, gallantry, captain, Victoria Cross, they · **What happens:** open, offer, get, be, remember, act · **To what, where:** seat, medal, Acts, gallantry, six sailors, highest award

<!-- .vabout -->
«gallantry» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gallantry in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gallantry.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great bravery, especially in battle or danger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallantry:m1:1
# text = Great bravery, especially in battle or danger.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bravery	bravery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polite, kind behaviour from a man towards women, such as opening doors or offering a seat (old-fashioned).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallantry:m2:1
# text = Polite, kind behaviour from a man towards women, such as opening doors or offering a seat (old-fashioned).
1	Polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	opening	open	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
14	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **offer** | gerund |  | a seat |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent seat=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The firefighter got a medal for gallantry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallantry:x1:1
# text = The firefighter got a medal for gallantry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	firefighter	firefighter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	medal	medal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gallantry	gallantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the firefighter | a medal |  |  |  | for gallantry | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent medal=Theme for gallantry=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight was famous for his gallantry in battle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallantry:x2:1
# text = The knight was famous for his gallantry in battle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	gallantry	gallantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the knight |  |  |  |  | for his gallantry in battle; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Acts of gallantry during the war are remembered on Anzac Day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallantry:x3:1
# text = Acts of gallantry during the war are remembered on Anzac Day.
1	Acts	act	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	gallantry	gallantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	during	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	remembered	remember	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Anzac	Anzac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present · passive |  | Acts of gallantry during the war |  |  | on Anzac Day |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **act** |  | gallantry during the war |  |  |  |  |  | nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old novel, the captain showed gallantry by giving up his seat.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallantry:x4:1
# text = In the old novel, the captain showed gallantry by giving up his seat.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	novel	novel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	gallantry	gallantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the captain | gallantry |  |  |  | in the old novel | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent gallantry=Patient in novel=Topic |
| 2 | **give up** | gerund | the captain *not said here* | captain's seat |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seat=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lifeboat crew's gallantry saved six sailors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallantry:x5:1
# text = The lifeboat crew's gallantry saved six sailors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lifeboat	lifeboat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	gallantry	gallantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | the lifeboat crew's gallantry | six sailors |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sailor=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Victoria Cross is Britain's highest award for gallantry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallantry:x6:1
# text = The Victoria Cross is Britain's highest award for gallantry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Victoria	Victoria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Cross	Cross	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	award	award	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	gallantry	gallantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Victoria Cross | Britain's highest award |  |  |  | for gallantry | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ugly sister was dressed all in her best and was put up behind the prince on horseback, and off they rode in great gallantry.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallantry:x7:1
# text = The ugly sister was dressed all in her best and was put up behind the prince on horseback, and off they rode in great gallantry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	parataxis	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	horseback	horseback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	off	off	ADP	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	gallantry	gallantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress** | past · passive |  | the ugly sister |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **put up** | past · passive |  |  |  | horseback |  | behind the prince | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: on horseback=Destination |
| 3 | **ride** | past | they |  |  | great gallantry |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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