---
title: gallows — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gallows» in the school dictionary: A gallows is a wooden frame with a beam, used in the past to hang criminals. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gallows

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**Who acts:** gallows, judge, They · **What happens:** be, use, hang, hange, lead, send · **To what, where:** wooden frame, past, criminals, punishment, villain, gallows

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«gallows» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gallows in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gallows.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gallows is a wooden frame with a beam, used in the past to hang criminals.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallows:m1:1
# text = A gallows is a wooden frame with a beam, used in the past to hang criminals.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gallows	gallows	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	beam	beam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	hang	hang	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
17	criminals	criminal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a gallows | a wooden frame |  |  |  | with a beam | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | the past |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hang** | to-infinitive |  | criminals |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent criminal=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gallows is the punishment of being hanged.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallows:m2:1
# text = The gallows is the punishment of being hanged.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gallows	gallows	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	hanged	hange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the gallows | the punishment |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hange** | gerund · passive |  | the punishment *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villain was led to the gallows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallows:x1:1
# text = The villain was led to the gallows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gallows	gallows	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past · passive |  | the villain |  | the gallows |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to gallows=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge sent the thief to the gallows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallows:x2:1
# text = The judge sent the thief to the gallows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gallows	gallows	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the judge | the thief |  | the gallows |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thief=Theme to gallows=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They built a gallows on the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallows:x3:1
# text = They built a gallows on the hill.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gallows	gallows	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | They | a gallows |  | the hill |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent gallows=Theme on hill=Source |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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