---
title: gallus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gallus» in the school dictionary: Gallus is the Latin scientific name for the group (genus) of jungle fowl that includes the chicken: the chicken is Gallus gallus domesticus. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gallus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Gallus, jungle fowl, chicken, Galluses, straps, scientific name · **What happens:** be, include, mean, hold up, name, live · **To what, where:** Latin scientific name, chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus, braces, trousers, name

<!-- .vabout -->
«gallus» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gallus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gallus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gallus is the Latin scientific name for the group (genus) of jungle fowl that includes the chicken: the chicken is Gallus gallus domesticus.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:m1:1
# text = Gallus is the Latin scientific name for the group (genus) of jungle fowl that includes the chicken: the chicken is Gallus gallus domesticus.
1	Gallus	Gallus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	genus	genu	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	Gallus	Gallus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
25	gallus	gallus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	domesticus	domesticus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gallus | the Latin scientific name and Gallus gallus domesticus |  |  |  | for the group | tree rules |
| 2 | **include** | present | jungle fowl | the chicken |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chicken=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the chicken | Gallus gallus domesticus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Scotland, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gallus means bold, cheeky and full of confidence, often in a fun, likeable way.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:m2:1
# text = Gallus means bold, cheeky and full of confidence, often in a fun, likeable way.
1	Gallus	Gallus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	likeable	likeable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Gallus |  |  |  |  | bold *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: dialect, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Galluses are braces, the straps that hold up trousers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:m3:1
# text = Galluses are braces, the straps that hold up trousers.
1	Galluses	gallus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	braces	brace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	straps	strap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	trousers	trousers	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Galluses | braces and the straps |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold up** | present | the straps | trousers |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot trousers=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gallus was the name of some Romans and of an early saint, Saint Gall.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:m4:1
# text = Gallus was the name of some Romans and of an early saint, Saint Gall.
1	Gallus	Gallus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	saint	saint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
15	Gall	Gall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Gallus | the name and a early saint |  |  |  | of some Romans | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chicken's scientific name is Gallus gallus domesticus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:x1:1
# text = The chicken's scientific name is Gallus gallus domesticus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	Gallus	Gallus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
8	gallus	gallus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	domesticus	domesticus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the chicken's scientific name | Gallus gallus domesticus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **name** |  | the chicken |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, lives in the forests of Asia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:x2:1
# text = The red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, lives in the forests of Asia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	junglefowl	junglefowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	Gallus	Gallus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	gallus	gallus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the red junglefowl |  |  | the forests of Asia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Scotland) That wee lad is pure gallus, he sang in front of the whole school.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:x3:1
# text = (Scotland) That wee lad is pure gallus, he sang in front of the whole school.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	wee	wee	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lad	lad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	gallus	gallus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Scotland | pure gallus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Scotland |  |  | front of the whole school |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in front=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Scotland) She gave the teacher a gallus grin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:x4:1
# text = (Scotland) She gave the teacher a gallus grin.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	gallus	gallus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	grin	grin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Scotland | Scotland |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient grin=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(dialect) Grandpa hitched up his galluses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:x5:1
# text = (dialect) Grandpa hitched up his galluses.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hitched	hitch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	galluses	gallus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hitch up** | past | dialect | Grandpa's galluses |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gallus=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientific names like Gallus are written in italics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gallus:x6:1
# text = Scientific names like Gallus are written in italics.
1	Scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Gallus	Gallus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	italics	italic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Scientific names like Gallus |  | italics |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in italic=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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