---
title: gamma — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gamma» in the school dictionary: Gamma is the third letter of the Greek alphabet, written γ (small) and Γ (capital), after alpha and beta. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gamma

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Gamma, Gamma rays, rays, Hospitals, We, Thick lead blocks · **What happens:** be, write, give off, harm, use, kill · **To what, where:** third letter, invisible rays, living things, Gamma, gamma rays, germs

<!-- .vabout -->
«gamma» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gamma in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gamma.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gamma is the third letter of the Greek alphabet, written γ (small) and Γ (capital), after alpha and beta.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:m1:1
# text = Gamma is the third letter of the Greek alphabet, written γ (small) and Γ (capital), after alpha and beta.
1	Gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	γ	γ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Γ	Γ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	after	after	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	alpha	alpha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	beta	beta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gamma | the third letter and alpha and beta |  |  |  | of the Greek alphabet and Γ | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gamma rays are very powerful, invisible rays given off by radioactive materials and by explosions in space; they can harm living things.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:m2:1
# text = Gamma rays are very powerful, invisible rays given off by radioactive materials and by explosions in space; they can harm living things.
1	Gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	invisible	invisible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	radioactive	radioactive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	explosions	explosion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
23	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Gamma rays |  |  |  |  | invisible rays *obl*; powerful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **give off** | participle |  | invisible rays *not said here* |  |  |  | by radioactive materials and explosions in space | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |
| 3 | **harm** | can | rays *= ray* | living things |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thing=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gamma is used as a label for the third thing in a list, after alpha and beta.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:m3:1
# text = Gamma is used as a label for the third thing in a list, after alpha and beta.
1	Gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	after	after	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	alpha	alpha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	beta	beta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Gamma |  |  |  | as a label; for the third thing in a list | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Duration as label=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gamma is the third letter of the Greek alphabet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:x1:1
# text = Gamma is the third letter of the Greek alphabet.
1	Gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gamma | the third letter |  |  |  | of the Greek alphabet | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alpha, beta, gamma, delta.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:x2:1
# text = Alpha, beta, gamma, delta.
1	Alpha	Alpha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	beta	beta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	delta	delta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gamma rays are stronger than X-rays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:x3:1
# text = Gamma rays are stronger than X-rays.
1	Gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Gamma rays |  |  |  |  | than X rays; strong *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hospitals use gamma rays to kill germs on equipment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:x4:1
# text = Hospitals use gamma rays to kill germs on equipment.
1	Hospitals	hospital	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	equipment	equipment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Hospitals | gamma rays |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Patient |
| 2 | **kill** | to-infinitive | Hospitals *not said here* | germs |  | equipment |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the comic, the hero was hit by gamma rays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:x5:1
# text = In the comic, the hero was hit by gamma rays.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	comic	comic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	hit	hit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past · passive | gamma rays | the hero |  | the comic |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in comic=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We labelled the third angle gamma.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:x6:1
# text = We labelled the third angle gamma.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	labelled	label	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
5	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **label** | past | We | the third angle gamma |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent gamma=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thick lead blocks stop gamma rays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:x7:1
# text = Thick lead blocks stop gamma rays.
1	Thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	lead	lead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	blocks	block	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | Thick lead blocks | gamma rays |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality ray=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gamma rays come from exploding stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gamma:x8:1
# text = Gamma rays come from exploding stars.
1	Gamma	gamma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	exploding	explode	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Gamma rays |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **explode** | gerund | Gamma rays *not said here* | stars |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location star=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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