---
title: gas — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gas» in the school dictionary: A substance like air that has no fixed shape and spreads out to fill any space. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gas

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** substance, gas, NZ, Air, water, it · **What happens:** have, spread out, fill, burn, use, say · **To what, where:** fixed shape, space, petrol, Gas, light, house · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gas» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gas in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gas.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A substance like air that has no fixed shape and spreads out to fill any space.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:m1:1
# text = A substance like air that has no fixed shape and spreads out to fill any space.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
8	fixed	fixed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
15	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a substance like air | no fixed shape |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient |
| 2 | **spread out** | present | a substance like air *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fill** | to-infinitive | a substance like air *not said here* | any space |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent space=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gas that burns and is used for cooking and heating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:m2:1
# text = A gas that burns and is used for cooking and heating.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	burns	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	heating	heating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | present | a gas |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present · passive | a gas *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for cooking and heating | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a gas stove".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:m2e:1
# text = "a gas stove".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	stove	stove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: American, Canadian — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gasoline, the fuel for cars; British, Irish, Australian and NZ say "petrol".

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:m3:1
# text = Gasoline, the fuel for cars; British, Irish, Australian and NZ say "petrol".
1	Gasoline	gasoline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	NZ	NZ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | NZ | petrol |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent petrol=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Air in the stomach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:m4:1
# text = Air in the stomach.
1	Air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gas can also be burned to make light, as in old street lamps.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:m5:1
# text = Gas can also be burned to make light, as in old street lamps.
1	Gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | can · passive |  | Gas |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | light |  |  |  | as old street lamps | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Air is a gas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:x1:1
# text = Air is a gas.
1	Air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Air | a gas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When water boils, it turns into a gas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:x2:1
# text = When water boils, it turns into a gas.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	boils	boil	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boil** | present | water |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **turn** | present | it |  |  | a gas |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into gas=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cook on a gas stove.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:x3:1
# text = We cook on a gas stove.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cook	cook	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	stove	stove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | present | We |  |  |  |  | on a gas stove | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent on stove=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you smell gas, leave the house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:x4:1
# text = If you smell gas, leave the house.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smell	smell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
4	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | gas |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gas=Stimulus |
| 2 | **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | the house |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad filled the car with gas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:x5:1
# text = Dad filled the car with gas.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | Dad | the car |  |  |  | with gas | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent car=Patient with gas=Instrument |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants take in a gas called carbon dioxide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:x6:1
# text = Plants take in a gas called carbon dioxide.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take in** | present | Plants | a gas |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gas=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a gas *not said here* | carbon dioxide |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A balloon is filled with helium gas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:x7:1
# text = A balloon is filled with helium gas.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	helium	helium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | present · passive |  | a balloon |  |  |  | with helium gas | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with gas=Instrument |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gases spread out to fill a container.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:x8:1
# text = Gases spread out to fill a container.
1	Gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	container	container	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread out** | present | Gases |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fill** | to-infinitive | Gases *not said here* | a container |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent container=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The name glittered in gas-jets over the entrance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gas:x9:1
# text = The name glittered in gas-jets over the entrance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	glittered	glitter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	jets	jet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glitter** | participle |  | the name *not said here* |  | gas jets |  | over the entrance | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in jet=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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