---
title: gassing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gassing» in the school dictionary: Chatting or talking for a long time about not very important things; also boasting. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gassing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Chatting, you, two old friends, Toad, Soldiers, We · **What happens:** chat, talk, boast, kill, fill, gas up · **To what, where:** car, homework, cup, masks, First World War, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gassing» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gassing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gassing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, UK, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chatting or talking for a long time about not very important things; also boasting.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gassing:m1:1
# text = Chatting or talking for a long time about not very important things; also boasting.
1	Chatting	chat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	csubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
14	also	also	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	boasting	boast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chat** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **boast** *speech: other* | gerund | Chatting |  |  |  |  |  | vn complain-37.8 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Poisoning or killing with gas; an attack with poison gas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gassing:m2:1
# text = Poisoning or killing with gas; an attack with poison gas.
1	Poisoning	poisoning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with gas | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Filling a car with petrol, as in «gassing up».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gassing:m3:1
# text = Filling a car with petrol, as in «gassing up».
1	Filling	fill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	gassing	gas	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | gerund |  | a car |  |  |  | with petrol | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent car=Patient with petrol=Instrument |
| 2 | **gas up** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop gassing and finish your homework!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gassing:x1:1
# text = Stop gassing and finish your homework!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	gassing	gas	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	finish	finish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **gas** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **finish** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your homework |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality homework=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two old friends sat gassing over a cup of tea all afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gassing:x2:1
# text = The two old friends sat gassing over a cup of tea all afternoon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	gassing	gas	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the two old friends |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **gas** | gerund | the two old friends *not said here* |  |  | a cup of tea | afternoon |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad was gassing on about his adventures again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gassing:x3:1
# text = Toad was gassing on about his adventures again.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	gassing	gas	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	adventures	adventure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gas on** | past · progressive | Toad |  |  |  | again | about Toad's adventures | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **adventure** |  | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | nom adventure «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soldiers wore masks to protect them from gassing in the First World War.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gassing:x4:1
# text = Soldiers wore masks to protect them from gassing in the First World War.
1	Soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	masks	mask	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	gassing	gas	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
12	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | Soldiers | masks |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mask=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | Soldiers *not said here* | masks *= mask* |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **gas** | gerund | Soldiers *not said here* |  |  | the First World War |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We stopped to gas up the car on the way to Grandma's.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gassing:x5:1
# text = We stopped to gas up the car on the way to Grandma's.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | We |  |  | the way to Grandma |  | to gas; up the car | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rat was tired of Toad's endless gassing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gassing:x6:1
# text = Rat was tired of Toad's endless gassing.
1	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	endless	endless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gassing	gassing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Rat |  |  |  |  | of Toad's endless gassing; tired *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **gas** |  | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | nom gassing «process transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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