---
title: gem — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gem» in the school dictionary: A beautiful, valuable stone, such as a diamond, ruby or emerald, cut and polished for jewellery; a jewel. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gem

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thing, you, Rubies, Thanks, little park, chest · **What happens:** cut, polish, be, cover, find, help · **To what, where:** ruby, gem, crown, red gems, Gems, rocks

<!-- .vabout -->
«gem» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gem in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gem.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A beautiful, valuable stone, such as a diamond, ruby or emerald, cut and polished for jewellery; a jewel.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gem:m1:1
# text = A beautiful, valuable stone, such as a diamond, ruby or emerald, cut and polished for jewellery; a jewel.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	valuable	valuable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	diamond	diamond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	ruby	ruby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	emerald	emerald	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	jewellery	jewellery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	jewel	jewel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | participle |  | ruby or emerald *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **polish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for jewellery | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person or thing that is especially good or special: «you're a gem».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gem:m2:1
# text = A person or thing that is especially good or special: «you're a gem».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	gem	gem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | thing |  |  |  |  | especially, good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | you | a gem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crown was covered in gems.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gem:x1:1
# text = The crown was covered in gems.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gems	gem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the crown |  |  |  | in gems | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in gem=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubies are red gems and emeralds are green.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gem:x2:1
# text = Rubies are red gems and emeralds are green.
1	Rubies	ruby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	gems	gem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	emeralds	emerald	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rubies | red gems and emeralds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Rubies *not said here* |  |  |  |  | green *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gems are found in rocks deep underground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gem:x3:1
# text = Gems are found in rocks deep underground.
1	Gems	gem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · passive |  | Gems |  | rocks |  | underground *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thanks for helping, you're a gem!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gem:x4:1
# text = Thanks for helping, you're a gem!
1	Thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	helping	help	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gem	gem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | gerund | Thanks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | you | a gem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This little park is a hidden gem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gem:x5:1
# text = This little park is a hidden gem.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gem	gem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this little park | a hidden gem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirate's chest was full of gold and gems.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gem:x6:1
# text = The pirate's chest was full of gold and gems.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	gems	gem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the pirate's chest |  |  |  |  | of gold and gems; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The brothers looked long at the gems.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gem:x7:1
# text = The brothers looked long at the gems.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gems	gem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the brothers |  |  |  |  | at the gems; long *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at gem=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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