---
title: gemstone — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gemstone» in the school dictionary: A precious or beautiful stone that is cut and polished to be used in jewellery, such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire or emerald. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gemstone

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ruby, Diamonds, We, month, Gemstones, Amber · **What happens:** cut, polish, use, be, cover, find · **To what, where:** precious stone, jewellery, red gemstone, crown, hardest gemstones, tiny gemstones

<!-- .vabout -->
«gemstone» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gemstone in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gemstone.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A precious or beautiful stone that is cut and polished to be used in jewellery, such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire or emerald.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gemstone:m1:1
# text = A precious or beautiful stone that is cut and polished to be used in jewellery, such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire or emerald.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	jewellery	jewellery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	diamond	diamond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	ruby	ruby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	sapphire	sapphire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	emerald	emerald	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | present · passive |  | a precious stone |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **polish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  | jewellery and a diamond and ruby and sapphire or emerald |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ruby is a red gemstone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gemstone:x1:1
# text = A ruby is a red gemstone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ruby	ruby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	gemstone	gemstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ruby | a red gemstone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crown was covered in gemstones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gemstone:x2:1
# text = The crown was covered in gemstones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gemstones	gemstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the crown |  |  |  | in gemstones | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in gemstone=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Diamonds are the hardest gemstones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gemstone:x3:1
# text = Diamonds are the hardest gemstones.
1	Diamonds	diamond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hardest	hard	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	gemstones	gemstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Diamonds | the hardest gemstones |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found tiny gemstones when panning at the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gemstone:x4:1
# text = We found tiny gemstones when panning at the museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	gemstones	gemstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	panning	pan	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | tiny gemstones |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gemstone=Topic |
| 2 | **pan** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the museum |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent at museum=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each month has its own birthstone gemstone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gemstone:x5:1
# text = Each month has its own birthstone gemstone.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	birthstone	birthstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	gemstone	gemstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each month | its own birthstone gemstone |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gemstone=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gemstones are cut so they sparkle in the light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gemstone:x6:1
# text = Gemstones are cut so they sparkle in the light.
1	Gemstones	gemstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sparkle	sparkle	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | present · passive |  | Gemstones |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **sparkle** | present | Gemstones *= gemstone* |  |  | the light |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in light=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Amber is a gemstone made from old tree resin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gemstone:x7:1
# text = Amber is a gemstone made from old tree resin.
1	Amber	amber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gemstone	gemstone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	resin	resin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Amber | a gemstone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a gemstone *not said here* |  | old tree resin |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from resin=Material |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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