---
title: geneva — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «geneva» in the school dictionary: Geneva is a city in Switzerland on Lake Geneva, where many world organisations such as parts of the United Nations and the Red Cross have their headquarters. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# geneva

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Geneva, many world organisations, international rules, Lake, Geneva Conventions, Many world leaders · **What happens:** be, have, treat, name, mean, found · **To what, where:** city, Switzerland, headquarters, people, war, name · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«geneva» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [geneva in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/geneva.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Geneva is a city in Switzerland on Lake Geneva, where many world organisations such as parts of the United Nations and the Red Cross have their headquarters.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:m1:1
# text = Geneva is a city in Switzerland on Lake Geneva, where many world organisations such as parts of the United Nations and the Red Cross have their headquarters.
1	Geneva	geneva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
11	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	26	advmod	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	organisations	organisation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	21	compound	_	_
21	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Red	Red	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	flat	_	_
25	Cross	Cross	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
26	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	headquarters	headquarters	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Geneva | a city |  | Switzerland |  | on Lake | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | many world organisations such parts of the United Nations and the Red Cross | organisations's headquarters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent headquarters=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Geneva Conventions: international rules about treating people fairly in war, such as prisoners, the wounded and civilians.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:m2:1
# text = The Geneva Conventions: international rules about treating people fairly in war, such as prisoners, the wounded and civilians.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Conventions	convention	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
7	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	treating	treat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	fairly	fairly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	wounded	wounded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	civilians	civilian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | gerund | international rules and prisoners and the wounded civilians *not said here* |  | people | war |  | fairly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Geneva is also a girl's name and the name of towns in the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:m3:1
# text = Geneva is also a girl's name and the name of towns in the USA.
1	Geneva	geneva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Geneva | a girl's name and the name of towns in the USA |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | towns in the USA |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Geneva can also mean the large lake beside the city of Geneva.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:m4:1
# text = Geneva can also mean the large lake beside the city of Geneva.
1	Geneva	geneva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Geneva | the large lake |  | the city of Geneva |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lake=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Geneva is a city in Switzerland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:x1:1
# text = Geneva is a city in Switzerland.
1	Geneva	geneva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Geneva | a city |  | Switzerland |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Red Cross was founded in Geneva.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:x2:1
# text = The Red Cross was founded in Geneva.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Red	Red	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
3	Cross	Cross	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **found** | past · passive |  | the Red Cross |  | Geneva |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lake Geneva is big and blue, with mountains around it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:x3:1
# text = Lake Geneva is big and blue, with mountains around it.
1	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
10	around	around	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lake |  |  |  |  | big *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Lake *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Geneva Conventions say prisoners of war must be treated fairly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:x4:1
# text = The Geneva Conventions say prisoners of war must be treated fairly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Conventions	Convention	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
11	fairly	fairly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Geneva Conventions |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **treat** | must · passive |  | prisoners of war |  |  |  | fairly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many world leaders meet in Geneva for talks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:x5:1
# text = Many world leaders meet in Geneva for talks.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	talks	talk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present | Many world leaders |  |  | Geneva |  | for talks | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People in Geneva mostly speak French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:x6:1
# text = People in Geneva mostly speak French.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | People in Geneva | French |  |  |  | mostly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A steam-boat started from the town of Villeneuve, at one end of the lake of Geneva, and arrived at Bernex, a little town beyond Montreux, in about half an hour.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:geneva:x7:1
# text = A steam-boat started from the town of Villeneuve, at one end of the lake of Geneva, and arrived at Bernex, a little town beyond Montreux, in about half an hour.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Villeneuve	Villeneuve	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Geneva	Geneva	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Bernex	Bernex	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	appos	_	_
29	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Montreux	Montreux	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
33	about	about	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	36	det:predet	_	_
35	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | a steam boat |  |  | the town of Villeneuve | at one end of the lake of Geneva |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **arrive** | past |  |  |  | Bernex |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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