---
title: german — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «german» in the school dictionary: German is the language of Germany; it is also spoken in Austria and Switzerland. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# german

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** German, language, 10 pupils, German class, He, many · **What happens:** be, speak, mean, learn, have, know · **To what, where:** language, German, Austria, Germany, German person, 18 children · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«german» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [german in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/german.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
German is the language of Germany; it is also spoken in Austria and Switzerland.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:m1:1
# text = German is the language of Germany; it is also spoken in Austria and Switzerland.
1	German	german	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Austria	Austria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | German | the language |  |  |  | of Germany | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | the language *not said here* | German |  | Austria and Switzerland |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
German means from Germany: a German car, German bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:m2:1
# text = German means from Germany: a German car, German bread.
1	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | German |  |  | Germany |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A German is a person from Germany.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:m3:1
# text = A German is a person from Germany.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a German person |  | Germany |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
10 pupils learn German.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:x1:1
# text = 10 pupils learn German.
1	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | 10 pupils | German |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent german=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The German class has 18 children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:x2:1
# text = The German class has 18 children.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the German class | 18 children |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He knows 50 German words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:x3:1
# text = He knows 50 German words.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | He | 50 German words |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many more learn French than German?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:x4:1
# text = How many more learn French than German?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | many | French |  |  |  | than German | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Danke» means thank you in German.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:x5:1
# text = «Danke» means thank you in German.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Danke	Danke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Danke |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you | German |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kindergarten is a German word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:x6:1
# text = Kindergarten is a German word.
1	Kindergarten	kindergarten	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kindergarten | a German word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our neighbour has a German shepherd dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:x7:1
# text = Our neighbour has a German shepherd dog.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our neighbour | a German shepherd dog |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Berlin is the capital of Germany.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:x8:1
# text = Berlin is the capital of Germany.
1	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Berlin | the capital |  |  |  | of Germany | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then she spoke to him in German.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:german:x9:1
# text = Then she spoke to him in German.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | she |  | him *= he* | German | then |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to he=Co-Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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