---
title: germanic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «germanic» in the school dictionary: Germanic describes the family of languages that includes English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and Icelandic. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# germanic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Germanic, family, English, Angles, Many short English words, Vikings · **What happens:** describe, include, mean, be, have, speak · **To what, where:** family, English, ancient peoples, Germanic language, Germanic tribes, German Germanic languages · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«germanic» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [germanic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/germanic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germanic describes the family of languages that includes English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and Icelandic.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:m1:1
# text = Germanic describes the family of languages that includes English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian and Icelandic.
1	Germanic	germanic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	German	German	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Dutch	Dutch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Swedish	Swedish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Danish	danish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	Norwegian	Norwegian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	parataxis	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	Icelandic	Icelandic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Germanic | the family of languages |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent family=Theme |
| 2 | **include** | present | the family of languages | English and German and Dutch |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent english=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germanic describes the ancient peoples of northern Europe, such as the Angles, Saxons, Goths and Vikings, and their cultures.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:m2:1
# text = Germanic describes the ancient peoples of northern Europe, such as the Angles, Saxons, Goths and Vikings, and their cultures.
1	Germanic	germanic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Angles	Angle	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Saxons	Saxon	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Goths	Goth	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	cultures	culture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Germanic | the ancient peoples of northern Europe and the Angles and Saxons and Goths and Vikings |  |  |  | Vikings's cultures *obl* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germanic can mean typical of Germany or German people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:m3:1
# text = Germanic can mean typical of Germany or German people.
1	Germanic	germanic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	typical	typical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Germanic |  |  |  |  | typical *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English is a Germanic language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:x1:1
# text = English is a Germanic language.
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Germanic	germanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | English | a Germanic language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Angles and Saxons were Germanic tribes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:x2:1
# text = The Angles and Saxons were Germanic tribes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Angles	Angle	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Saxons	Saxon	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	Germanic	germanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Angles and Saxons | Germanic tribes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
German, Dutch and Swedish are Germanic languages too.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:x3:1
# text = German, Dutch and Swedish are Germanic languages too.
1	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Dutch	dutch	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Swedish	Swedish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	Germanic	germanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
9	too	too	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | German Germanic languages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many short English words have Germanic roots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:x4:1
# text = Many short English words have Germanic roots.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Germanic	germanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Many short English words | Germanic roots |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vikings spoke a Germanic language called Old Norse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:x5:1
# text = The Vikings spoke a Germanic language called Old Norse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Germanic	germanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Norse	Norse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the Vikings | a Germanic language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a Germanic language *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Water» and «Wasser» show the Germanic link.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:x6:1
# text = «Water» and «Wasser» show the Germanic link.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Wasser	Wasser	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Germanic	germanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	link	link	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Water and Wasser | the Germanic link |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent link=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romans fought Germanic tribes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:x7:1
# text = The Romans fought Germanic tribes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Germanic	germanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the Romans | Germanic tribes |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tribe=Co-Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old castle had a Germanic look.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:germanic:x8:1
# text = The old castle had a Germanic look.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Germanic	germanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old castle | a Germanic look |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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