---
title: gibbon — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gibbon» in the school dictionary: A gibbon is a small ape with very long arms and no tail that lives in the rainforests of Southeast Asia and swings quickly from branch to branch through the trees. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gibbon

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gibbon, that, Gibbons, arms, gibbon pair, others · **What happens:** be, live, swing, sing, not have, tell · **To what, where:** small ape, rainforests, branch, gibbon, loud songs, tails · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gibbon» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gibbon in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gibbon.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gibbon is a small ape with very long arms and no tail that lives in the rainforests of Southeast Asia and swings quickly from branch to branch through the trees.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gibbon:m1:1
# text = A gibbon is a small ape with very long arms and no tail that lives in the rainforests of Southeast Asia and swings quickly from branch to branch through the trees.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gibbon	gibbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ape	ape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	swings	swing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
24	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	to	to	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	through	through	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a gibbon | a small ape |  |  |  | with long arms and no tail | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | that |  |  | the rainforests of Southeast Asia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location |
| 3 | **swing** | present | that *not said here* |  |  | branch |  | to branch; through the trees; quickly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme from branch=Source to branch=Trajectory through tree=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gibbon swung from branch to branch at high speed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gibbon:x1:1
# text = The gibbon swung from branch to branch at high speed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gibbon	gibbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	swung	swing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | participle |  | the gibbon *not said here* |  | branch |  | to branch; at high speed | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme from branch=Source to branch=Trajectory at speed=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gibbons sing loud songs every morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gibbon:x2:1
# text = Gibbons sing loud songs every morning.
1	Gibbons	gibbon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | Gibbons | loud songs |  |  | morning |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gibbon's arms are longer than its legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gibbon:x3:1
# text = A gibbon's arms are longer than its legs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gibbon	gibbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a gibbon's arms |  |  |  |  | than gibbon's legs; long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gibbons do not have tails.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gibbon:x4:1
# text = Gibbons do not have tails.
1	Gibbons	gibbon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | Gibbons | tails |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gibbon pair sang together to tell others to keep away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gibbon:x5:1
# text = The gibbon pair sang together to tell others to keep away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gibbon	gibbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	together	together	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the gibbon pair |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the gibbon pair *not said here* | others |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent other=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **keep away** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | others *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gibbons live in the forests of Southeast Asia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gibbon:x6:1
# text = Gibbons live in the forests of Southeast Asia.
1	Gibbons	gibbon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Gibbons |  |  | the forests of Southeast Asia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many kinds of gibbons are in danger because of logging.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gibbon:x7:1
# text = Many kinds of gibbons are in danger because of logging.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	gibbons	gibbon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	logging	log	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Many kinds of gibbons |  |  | danger |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **log** | gerund | Many kinds of gibbons *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the zoo we watched the gibbons swinging on ropes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gibbon:x8:1
# text = At the zoo we watched the gibbons swinging on ropes.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gibbons	gibbon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	swinging	swing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | we | the gibbons |  | the zoo |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gibbon=Theme |
| 2 | **swing** | gerund | the gibbons *not said here* |  |  | ropes |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on rope=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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