---
title: gift — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gift» in the school dictionary: A gift is something you give to someone without asking for money, like a present for a birthday. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gift

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gift, you, something, She, Tom, He · **What happens:** be, give, ask, bear, gift, mean · **To what, where:** something, someone, special talent, you, 4 gifts, 12 gifts

<!-- .vabout -->
«gift» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gift in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gift.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gift is something you give to someone without asking for money, like a present for a birthday.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:m1:1
# text = A gift is something you give to someone without asking for money, like a present for a birthday.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a gift | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | you |  | someone |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to someone=Recipient |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for money; like a present for a birthday | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gift is also a special talent you are born with, like a gift for music.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:m2:1
# text = A gift is also a special talent you are born with, like a gift for music.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	talent	talent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a gift | a special talent |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gift something is to give it as a present.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:m3:1
# text = To gift something is to give it as a present.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | as a present; give *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gifted means very clever or talented.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:m4:1
# text = Gifted means very clever or talented.
1	Gifted	gift	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	talented	talented	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gift** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She bought 4 gifts for 5 dollars each.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:x1:1
# text = She bought 4 gifts for 5 dollars each.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | She | 4 gifts |  |  |  | for 5 dollars | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent gift=Beneficiary each=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom wraps 12 gifts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:x2:1
# text = Tom wraps 12 gifts.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wraps	wrap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wrap** | present | Tom | 12 gifts |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent gift=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each gift needs 2 metres of ribbon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:x3:1
# text = Each gift needs 2 metres of ribbon.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ribbon	ribbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | each gift | 2 metres of ribbon |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot metre=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He got 3 gifts from his aunt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:x4:1
# text = He got 3 gifts from his aunt.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | He | 3 gifts |  |  |  | from his aunt | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent gift=Theme from aunt=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I wrote a thank-you card for every gift.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:x5:1
# text = I wrote a thank-you card for every gift.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	thank	thank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	flat	_	_
7	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | I | a thank card |  |  |  | for every gift | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent card=Result for gift=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Maya has a gift for drawing animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:x6:1
# text = Maya has a gift for drawing animals.
1	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	drawing	draw	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Maya | a gift |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Patient |
| 2 | **draw** | gerund | a gift *not said here* | animals |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum gift shop sells postcards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:x7:1
# text = The museum gift shop sells postcards.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	postcards	postcard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | the gift shop | postcards |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent postcard=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fairy gave the princess three gifts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:x8:1
# text = The fairy gave the princess three gifts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fairy	fairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the fairy | three gifts | the princess |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent princess=Recipient gift=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gift of laughing was given to man alone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gift:x9:1
# text = The gift of laughing was given to man alone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	laughing	laughing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	TO	_	8	case	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past · passive |  | the gift of laughing | man |  |  | alone *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to man=Recipient |
| 2 | **gift** |  |  | laughing |  |  |  |  | nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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