---
title: gigantism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gigantism» in the school dictionary: A rare condition in which a child grows far taller than usual, usually because a gland in the brain makes too much growth hormone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gigantism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** child, gland, that, Robert, much growth hormone, Doctors · **What happens:** grow, make, be, record, have, cause · **To what, where:** rare condition, much growth hormone, size, tallest man, gigantism, example

<!-- .vabout -->
«gigantism» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gigantism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gigantism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rare condition in which a child grows far taller than usual, usually because a gland in the brain makes too much growth hormone.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gigantism:m1:1
# text = A rare condition in which a child grows far taller than usual, usually because a gland in the brain makes too much growth hormone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
10	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	xcomp	_	_
11	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	gland	gland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
22	too	too	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	hormone	hormone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | a child |  |  | a rare condition |  | tall *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in which=Location |
| 2 | **make** | present | a gland in the brain | much growth hormone |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hormone=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being very large in size, for example animals or plants that are much bigger than their relatives (island gigantism).

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gigantism:m2:1
# text = Being very large in size, for example animals or plants that are much bigger than their relatives (island gigantism).
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	cop	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	much	much	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	parataxis	_	_
16	than	than	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	gigantism	gigantism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  | size |  | large *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | than plants's relatives; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Robert Wadlow, the tallest man ever recorded, had gigantism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gigantism:x1:1
# text = Robert Wadlow, the tallest man ever recorded, had gigantism.
1	Robert	Robert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	Wadlow	Wadlow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	tallest	tall	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
7	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	8	advmod	_	_
8	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	gigantism	gigantism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | participle |  | the tallest man *not said here* |  |  | ever |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | past | Robert | gigantism |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gigantism=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gigantism is caused by too much growth hormone in childhood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gigantism:x2:1
# text = Gigantism is caused by too much growth hormone in childhood.
1	Gigantism	gigantism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	hormone	hormone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	childhood	childhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | much growth hormone in childhood | Gigantism |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctors can treat gigantism if they find it early.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gigantism:x3:1
# text = Doctors can treat gigantism if they find it early.
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	treat	treat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	gigantism	gigantism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | can | Doctors | gigantism |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent gigantism=Recipient |
| 2 | **find** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | Doctors *= doctor* | gigantism |  |  |  | early *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant tortoises of the Galapagos are an example of island gigantism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gigantism:x4:1
# text = The giant tortoises of the Galapagos are an example of island gigantism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tortoises	tortoise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Galapagos	Galapago	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	gigantism	gigantism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the giant tortoises of the Galapagos | a example |  |  |  | of island gigantism | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some dinosaurs show a kind of gigantism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gigantism:x5:1
# text = Some dinosaurs show a kind of gigantism.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gigantism	gigantism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | some dinosaurs | a kind of gigantism |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kind=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant weta of New Zealand is a famous case of gigantism in insects.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gigantism:x6:1
# text = The giant weta of New Zealand is a famous case of gigantism in insects.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	weta	weta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
6	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	gigantism	gigantism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the giant weta of New Zealand | a famous case |  |  |  | of gigantism in insects | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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