---
title: gilded — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gilded» in the school dictionary: Covered with a thin layer of gold or gold-coloured paint. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gilded

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gilded cage, comfortable rich life, portrait, princess, Autumn leaves, Gilded Age · **What happens:** cover, look, gild, mean, not be, hang · **To what, where:** gilded frame, palace, gilded cage, church dome, sun., park · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gilded» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gilded in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gilded.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Covered with a thin layer of gold or gold-coloured paint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:m1:1
# text = Covered with a thin layer of gold or gold-coloured paint.
1	Covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with a thin layer of gold or gold coloured paint | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with layer=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Looking rich and fancy, sometimes only on the outside: a gilded life.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:m2:1
# text = Looking rich and fancy, sometimes only on the outside: a gilded life.
1	Looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	csubj	_	_
2	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	fancy	fancy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	10	advmod	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	outside	outside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | rich *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **gild** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: phrase — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«A gilded cage» means a comfortable, rich life where you are not free.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:m3:1
# text = «A gilded cage» means a comfortable, rich life where you are not free.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gild** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | a gilded cage |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | present | a comfortable rich life |  |  |  |  | free *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The portrait hung in a gilded frame.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:x1:1
# text = The portrait hung in a gilded frame.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past | the portrait |  |  | a gilded frame |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in frame=Location |
| 2 | **gild** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The palace had gilded ceilings and huge mirrors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:x2:1
# text = The palace had gilded ceilings and huge mirrors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	ceilings	ceiling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	mirrors	mirror	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gild** | past · perfect · passive |  | the palace |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The princess lived in a gilded cage and longed to go outside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:x3:1
# text = The princess lived in a gilded cage and longed to go outside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	cage	cage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	longed	long	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the princess |  |  | a gilded cage |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cage=Location |
| 2 | **gild** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **long** | past | the princess *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the princess *not said here* |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The church dome is gilded and shines in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:x4:1
# text = The church dome is gilded and shines in the sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	dome	dome	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gild** | present · passive |  | the church dome |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
| 2 | **shine** | present |  |  |  | the sun. |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sun.=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Autumn leaves gilded the park with gold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:x5:1
# text = Autumn leaves gilded the park with gold.
1	Autumn	autumn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gilded	gild	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gild** | past | Autumn leaves | the park |  |  |  | with gold | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent park=Destination with gold=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Gilded Age was a time of millionaires and factories in America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:x6:1
# text = The Gilded Age was a time of millionaires and factories in America.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	Age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	millionaires	millionaire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	factories	factory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gild** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the Gilded Age | a time |  |  |  | of millionaires in America and factories | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The youngest saw the gilded star, and ran and pulled it off the tree.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilded:x7:1
# text = The youngest saw the gilded star, and ran and pulled it off the tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gilded	gild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the youngest | the gilded star |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer star=Stimulus |
| 2 | **gild** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **run** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **pull** | past |  | star |  | the tree |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent it=Theme off tree=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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