---
title: gilding — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gilding» in the school dictionary: Gilding is a thin layer of gold, or of a gold-coloured paint, put on the surface of something to make it shine. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gilding

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**Who acts:** Gilding, box, chair · **What happens:** be, put, make, shine, fade, have · **To what, where:** thin layer, coloured paint, surface, Gilding, wood, bright gilding

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«gilding» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gilding in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gilding.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gilding is a thin layer of gold, or of a gold-coloured paint, put on the surface of something to make it shine.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilding:m1:1
# text = Gilding is a thin layer of gold, or of a gold-coloured paint, put on the surface of something to make it shine.
1	Gilding	gilding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	20	nmod	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	acl	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	shine	shine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gilding | a thin layer or a coloured paint |  |  |  | of gold | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | participle |  | a coloured paint *not said here* |  | the surface of something |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on surface=Destination |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | Gilding |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **shine** | infinitive | Gilding *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gilding on the frame had faded.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilding:x1:1
# text = The gilding on the frame had faded.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gilding	gilding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	faded	fade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fade** | past · perfect | the gilding on the frame |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Under the gilding, the box was only wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilding:x2:1
# text = Under the gilding, the box was only wood.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	gilding	gilding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the box | wood |  | the gilding |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king's chair had a bright gilding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gilding:x3:1
# text = The king's chair had a bright gilding.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gilding	gilding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the king's chair | a bright gilding |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gilding=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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