---
title: gipsy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gipsy» in the school dictionary: An old word for a member of the Romani people, who came to Europe from India long ago and many of whom lived and travelled in caravans. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gipsy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old word, many, Toad, caravan, gipsy, Romani people · **What happens:** come, live, travel, sell, take, be · **To what, where:** Europe, India, caravans, horse, Wind, gipsy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gipsy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gipsy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gipsy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, can be offensive — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old word for a member of the Romani people, who came to Europe from India long ago and many of whom lived and travelled in caravans.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:m1:1
# text = An old word for a member of the Romani people, who came to Europe from India long ago and many of whom lived and travelled in caravans.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Romani	Romani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
19	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	nsubj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nmod	_	_
24	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	travelled	travel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	caravans	caravan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a old word for a member of the Romani people |  | Europe | India |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to europe=Initial\_Location from india=Destination |
| 2 | **live** | past | many |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **travel** | past | many *not said here* |  |  | caravans |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in caravan=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In The Wind in the Willows, Toad sells the horse he has taken to a gipsy for six shillings and sixpence and a hot breakfast; Toad's caravan is a «gipsy caravan».

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:m2:1
# text = In The Wind in the Willows, Toad sells the horse he has taken to a gipsy for six shillings and sixpence and a hot breakfast; Toad's caravan is a «gipsy caravan».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Wind	Wind	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Willows	Willow	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	shillings	shilling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	sixpence	sixpence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
28	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	's	's	PART	POS	_	28	case	_	_
30	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
31	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
33	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | present | Toad | the horse |  | the Wind in the Willows |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | present · perfect | Toad | the horse *not said here* |  | a gipsy |  | for six shillings and sixpence and a hot breakfast | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent horse=Theme to gipsy=Destination |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Toad's caravan | a gipsy caravan |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used in some names, like the gipsy moth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:m3:1
# text = Used in some names, like the gipsy moth.
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	moth	moth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | some names like the gipsy moth |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad sold the horse to a gipsy who was sitting by the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:x1:1
# text = Toad sold the horse to a gipsy who was sitting by the road.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | Toad | the horse | a gipsy |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent horse=Theme to gipsy=Recipient |
| 2 | **sit** | past · progressive | a gipsy |  |  |  |  | by the road | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by road=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad's painted caravan was called a gipsy caravan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:x2:1
# text = Toad's painted caravan was called a gipsy caravan.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	caravan	caravan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | past · passive |  | Toad's painted caravan |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Romani people came to Europe from India hundreds of years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:x3:1
# text = Romani people came to Europe from India hundreds of years ago.
1	Romani	romani	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Romani people |  | Europe | India hundreds of years |  | ago *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to europe=Initial\_Location from hundred=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Today we say Roma or Travellers rather than gipsies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:x4:1
# text = Today we say Roma or Travellers rather than gipsies.
1	Today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Roma	Roma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	9	cc	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	gipsies	gipsy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | we | Roma or Travellers rather gipsies |  |  | today |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent roma=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gipsy made a stew in a pot over the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:x5:1
# text = The gipsy made a stew in a pot over the fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stew	stew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pot	pot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the gipsy | a stew |  | a pot |  | over the fire | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stew=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gipsy moth has hairy caterpillars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:x6:1
# text = The gipsy moth has hairy caterpillars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	moth	moth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hairy	hairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	caterpillars	caterpillar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the gipsy moth | hairy caterpillars |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caterpillar=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then up there came a gipsy, blind of one eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gipsy:x7:1
# text = Then up there came a gipsy, blind of one eye.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	up	up	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gipsy	gipsy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  | a gipsy |  | there | then |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location gipsy=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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