---
title: girlfriend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «girlfriend» in the school dictionary: A girlfriend is a girl or woman that someone is in a romantic relationship with. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# girlfriend

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** girlfriend, someone, big brother, Uncle, Mum, They · **What happens:** be, say, take, bring, go out, move · **To what, where:** girl, romantic relationship, female friend, girlfriend, cinema, barbecue · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«girlfriend» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [girlfriend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/girlfriend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A girlfriend is a girl or woman that someone is in a romantic relationship with.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:girlfriend:m1:1
# text = A girlfriend is a girl or woman that someone is in a romantic relationship with.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	romantic	romantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a girlfriend | a girl or woman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | someone |  |  | a romantic relationship |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A girlfriend can also be a female friend, often said by women about their friends, especially in the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:girlfriend:m2:1
# text = A girlfriend can also be a female friend, often said by women about their friends, especially in the USA.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
14	about	about	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a girlfriend | a female friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  | a female friend *not said here* |  |  |  | by women about women's friends; often *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My big brother is taking his girlfriend to the cinema.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:girlfriend:x1:1
# text = My big brother is taking his girlfriend to the cinema.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cinema	cinema	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present · progressive | My big brother | brother's girlfriend |  | the cinema |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent girlfriend=Theme to cinema=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Uncle Jack brought his girlfriend to the barbecue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:girlfriend:x2:1
# text = Uncle Jack brought his girlfriend to the barbecue.
1	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	barbecue	barbecue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | Uncle | Uncle's girlfriend |  | the barbecue |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent girlfriend=Theme to barbecue=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum went out for dinner with her girlfriends. (US)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mum went out for dinner with her girlfriends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:girlfriend:x3:1
# text = Mum went out for dinner with her girlfriends.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	girlfriends	girlfriend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go out** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | for dinner; with Mum's girlfriends | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with girlfriend=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (US)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:girlfriend:x3:2
# text = (US)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They have been girlfriend and boyfriend for two years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:girlfriend:x4:1
# text = They have been girlfriend and boyfriend for two years.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | They | girlfriend and boyfriend |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His ex-girlfriend moved to Canada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:girlfriend:x5:1
# text = His ex-girlfriend moved to Canada.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	ex-girlfriend	ex-girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | His ex-girlfriend |  | Canada |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to canada=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aunt Sarah and her girlfriend live by the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:girlfriend:x6:1
# text = Aunt Sarah and her girlfriend live by the sea.
1	Aunt	Aunt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Sarah	Sarah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Aunt and her girlfriend |  |  |  |  | by the sea | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sea=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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