---
title: glacial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «glacial» in the school dictionary: Glacial means to do with glaciers or ice, as in «glacial valleys». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# glacial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Glacial, Glaciers, this, glacial wind, Traffic, She · **What happens:** mean, do, describe, be, carve, shape · **To what, where:** someone, sea, glacial stare, him, lake, last glacial period · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«glacial» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [glacial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/glacial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glacial means to do with glaciers or ice, as in «glacial valleys».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glacial:m1:1
# text = Glacial means to do with glaciers or ice, as in «glacial valleys».
1	Glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	glaciers	glacier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Glacial |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with glaciers or ice; as glacial valleys | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glacial means extremely cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glacial:m2:1
# text = Glacial means extremely cold.
1	Glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Glacial |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glacial means very slow, as in «at a glacial pace».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glacial:m3:1
# text = Glacial means very slow, as in «at a glacial pace».
1	Glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	pace	pace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Glacial |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glacial can describe someone who is very unfriendly and cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glacial:m4:1
# text = Glacial can describe someone who is very unfriendly and cold.
1	Glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	unfriendly	unfriendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | unfriendly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glaciers carved this U-shaped glacial valley.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glacial:x1:1
# text = Glaciers carved this U-shaped glacial valley.
1	Glaciers	glacier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carved	carve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
4	U	U	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | past | Glaciers |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **valley** |  | this |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A glacial wind blew off the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glacial:x2:1
# text = A glacial wind blew off the sea.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow off** | past | a glacial wind | the sea |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent sea=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Traffic moved at a glacial pace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glacial:x3:1
# text = Traffic moved at a glacial pace.
1	Traffic	Traffic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pace	pace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | Traffic |  |  |  |  | at a glacial pace | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme at pace=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave him a glacial stare.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glacial:x4:1
# text = She gave him a glacial stare.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stare	stare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | a glacial stare | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient stare=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lake was formed in the last glacial period.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glacial:x5:1
# text = The lake was formed in the last glacial period.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	glacial	glacial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | past · passive |  | the lake |  | the last glacial period |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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