---
title: gladden — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gladden» in the school dictionary: To gladden someone is to make them happy or glad. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gladden

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**Who acts:** sight, sunshine, you, her, song, Nothing · **What happens:** gladden, be, do, bring back, smile, hear · **To what, where:** someone, heart, daughter, me, everyone, song

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«gladden» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gladden in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gladden.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gladden someone is to make them happy or glad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladden:m1:1
# text = To gladden someone is to make them happy or glad.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gladden	gladden	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gladden** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | happy, make *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gladden is to bring joy to the eyes or heart, as a sight or a sound does.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladden:m2:1
# text = To gladden is to bring joy to the eyes or heart, as a sight or a sound does.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gladden	gladden	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gladden** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the eyes or heart; bring *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | present | a sight or a sound |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sunshine gladdens my heart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladden:x1:1
# text = The sunshine gladdens my heart.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gladdens	gladden	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gladden** | present | the sunshine | my heart |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus heart=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bring me back my daughter, to gladden me with her smiles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladden:x2:1
# text = Bring me back my daughter, to gladden me with her smiles.
1	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	iobj	_	_
3	back	back	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	gladden	gladden	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	smiles	smile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring back** | imperative | you *not said here* | my daughter | me |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent i=Destination daughter=Theme |
| 2 | **gladden** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  | with her smiles | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent i=Patient with smile=Instrument |
| 3 | **smile** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her song gladdens everyone who hears it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladden:x3:1
# text = Her song gladdens everyone who hears it.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gladdens	gladden	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hears	hear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gladden** | present | Her song | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **hear** | present |  | song |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 3 | **sing** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing gladdens an old man more than a visit from his grandchildren.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladden:x4:1
# text = Nothing gladdens an old man more than a visit from his grandchildren.
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gladdens	gladden	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	visit	visit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	grandchildren	grandchild	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gladden** | present | Nothing | a old man |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus man=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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