---
title: gladiator — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gladiator» in the school dictionary: A gladiator was a man in ancient Rome who fought other men or wild animals in an arena to entertain crowds, often with swords, nets or tridents. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gladiator

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gladiator, man, Many gladiators, gladiators, crowd, We · **What happens:** be, fight, entertain, mean, train, use · **To what, where:** man, ancient Rome, other men, arena, crowds, someone

<!-- .vabout -->
«gladiator» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gladiator in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gladiator.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gladiator was a man in ancient Rome who fought other men or wild animals in an arena to entertain crowds, often with swords, nets or tridents.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladiator:m1:1
# text = A gladiator was a man in ancient Rome who fought other men or wild animals in an arena to entertain crowds, often with swords, nets or tridents.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gladiator	gladiator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	arena	arena	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	entertain	entertain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
21	crowds	crowd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	nets	net	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	tridents	trident	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a gladiator | a man |  | ancient Rome |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight** | past | a man | other men or wild animals |  | a arena |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **entertain** | to-infinitive | a man *not said here* | crowds |  |  |  | with swords and nets or tridents; often *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus crowd=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gladiator can mean someone who fights hard in a contest or argument (figurative).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladiator:m2:1
# text = A gladiator can mean someone who fights hard in a contest or argument (figurative).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gladiator	gladiator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fights	fight	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	contest	contest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	figurative	figurative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a gladiator | someone |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Topic |
| 2 | **fight** | present |  |  |  | a contest or argument |  | hard *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gladiator fought a lion in the Colosseum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladiator:x1:1
# text = The gladiator fought a lion in the Colosseum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gladiator	gladiator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Colosseum	Colosseum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the gladiator | a lion |  | the Colosseum |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Co-Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many gladiators were slaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladiator:x2:1
# text = Many gladiators were slaves.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	gladiators	gladiator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	slaves	slave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Many gladiators | slaves |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gladiators trained at special schools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladiator:x3:1
# text = Gladiators trained at special schools.
1	Gladiators	gladiator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | participle |  | Gladiators *not said here* |  | special schools |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some gladiators used a net and a trident.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladiator:x4:1
# text = Some gladiators used a net and a trident.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	gladiators	gladiator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	net	net	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trident	trident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | some gladiators | a net and a trident |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent net=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd cheered as the gladiators entered the arena.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladiator:x5:1
# text = The crowd cheered as the gladiators entered the arena.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	cheered	cheer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gladiators	gladiator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	arena	arena	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer** | participle |  | the crowd *not said here* |  |  |  | as the gladiators | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **enter** | past | the crowd | the arena |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme arena=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made gladiator helmets out of card.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gladiator:x6:1
# text = We made gladiator helmets out of card.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gladiator	gladiator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	helmets	helmet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | gladiator helmets |  | card |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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