---
title: gland — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gland» in the school dictionary: A gland is a small part of the body that makes a special substance the body needs, such as sweat, saliva, tears or hormones. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gland

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gland, that, body, Swollen glands, small lumps, you · **What happens:** be, make, need, mean, get, fight · **To what, where:** small part, special substance, small lumps, illness, you, more spit

<!-- .vabout -->
«gland» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gland in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gland.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gland is a small part of the body that makes a special substance the body needs, such as sweat, saliva, tears or hormones.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gland:m1:1
# text = A gland is a small part of the body that makes a special substance the body needs, such as sweat, saliva, tears or hormones.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gland	gland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	sweat	sweat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	saliva	saliva	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	hormones	hormone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a gland | a small part |  |  |  | of the body | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | that | a special substance and sweat |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset substance=Product |
| 3 | **need** | present | the body | a special substance and sweat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot substance=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swollen glands usually means the small lumps in the neck (lymph nodes) that get bigger when you are fighting an illness.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gland:m2:1
# text = Swollen glands usually means the small lumps in the neck (lymph nodes) that get bigger when you are fighting an illness.
1	Swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	glands	gland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lumps	lump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	lymph	lymph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	nodes	node	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
17	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	xcomp	_	_
18	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	21	mark	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Swollen glands | the small lumps |  |  |  | in the neck; usually *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot lump=Theme in neck=Attribute |
| 2 | **get** | present | the small lumps |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **fight** | present · progressive | you | a illness |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illness=Co-Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sweat glands in your skin help you cool down on a hot day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gland:x1:1
# text = Sweat glands in your skin help you cool down on a hot day.
1	Sweat	sweat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	glands	gland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	cool	cool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Sweat glands in your skin | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **cool down** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your salivary glands make more spit when you smell tasty food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gland:x2:1
# text = Your salivary glands make more spit when you smell tasty food.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	salivary	salivary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	glands	gland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	spit	spit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	smell	smell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
10	tasty	tasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Your salivary glands | more spit |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset spit=Product |
| 2 | **smell** | present | you | tasty food |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer food=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor felt my neck to see if my glands were swollen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gland:x3:1
# text = The doctor felt my neck to see if my glands were swollen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	glands	gland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the doctor | my neck |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | the doctor *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | my glands |  |  |  |  | swollen *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tear glands keep your eyes clean and moist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gland:x4:1
# text = Tear glands keep your eyes clean and moist.
1	Tear	tear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	glands	gland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	moist	moist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Tear glands | your eyes |  |  |  | clean *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some glands make hormones that help children grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gland:x5:1
# text = Some glands make hormones that help children grow.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	glands	gland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hormones	hormone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | some glands | hormones |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hormone=Product |
| 2 | **help** | present | hormones | children |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | infinitive | children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bee's sting comes with venom from a tiny gland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gland:x6:1
# text = A bee's sting comes with venom from a tiny gland.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	sting	sting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	venom	venom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	gland	gland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | a bee's sting |  |  |  |  | with venom from a tiny gland | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sting** |  | a bee |  |  |  |  |  | nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When I had a cold, the glands in my neck felt sore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gland:x7:1
# text = When I had a cold, the glands in my neck felt sore.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	glands	gland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a cold |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient |
| 2 | **feel** | past | the glands in my neck |  |  |  |  | sore *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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