---
title: gleam — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gleam» in the school dictionary: To shine softly or brightly, often by reflecting light: «The polished car gleamed.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gleam

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** eyes, kitchen floor, we, gleam, Toad · **What happens:** shine, reflect, polish, gleam, sign, clean · **To what, where:** light, polished car, feeling, river, morning sun., floor

<!-- .vabout -->
«gleam» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gleam in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gleam.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shine softly or brightly, often by reflecting light: «The polished car gleamed.».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:m1:1
# text = To shine softly or brightly, often by reflecting light: «The polished car gleamed.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shine	shine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	reflecting	reflect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	advcl	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	gleamed	gleam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **reflect** | gerund |  | light |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **polish** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **gleam** *in a quote* | participle · passive |  | the polished car |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A soft light or shine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:m2:1
# text = A soft light or shine.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	shine	shine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small sign of a feeling or idea: «a gleam of hope», «a gleam in his eye».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:m3:1
# text = A small sign of a feeling or idea: «a gleam of hope», «a gleam in his eye».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	gleam	gleam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	gleam	gleam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** |  |  | a feeling or idea |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river gleamed in the morning sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:x1:1
# text = The river gleamed in the morning sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	gleamed	gleam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gleam** | participle |  | the river *not said here* |  | the morning sun. |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sun.=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her eyes gleamed with excitement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:x2:1
# text = Her eyes gleamed with excitement.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gleamed	gleam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gleam** | participle | Her eyes |  |  |  |  | with excitement | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with excitement=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kitchen floor was gleaming after we cleaned it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:x3:1
# text = The kitchen floor was gleaming after we cleaned it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gleam** | past · progressive | the kitchen floor |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **clean** | past | we | floor |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gleam of light shone under the door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:x4:1
# text = A gleam of light shone under the door.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gleam	gleam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | participle |  | a gleam of light *not said here* |  | the door |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under door=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a gleam of hope at last.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:x5:1
# text = There was a gleam of hope at last.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gleam	gleam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a gleam of hope at last |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad had a naughty gleam in his eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:x6:1
# text = Toad had a naughty gleam in his eye.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	naughty	naughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	gleam	gleam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Toad | a naughty gleam |  | Toad's eye |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gleam=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A falling star gleamed across the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleam:x7:1
# text = A falling star gleamed across the sky.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	amod	_	_
3	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	gleamed	gleam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **gleam** | participle |  | a falling star *not said here* |  | the sky |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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