---
title: gleaming — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gleaming» in the school dictionary: Shining brightly because clean, polished or wet: «gleaming shoes». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gleaming

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Toad, shoes, she, river, eyes, kitchen · **What happens:** shine, polish, gleam, give out, reflect, stare · **To what, where:** shoes, soft bright light, sunlight, dark, kitchen, river

<!-- .vabout -->
«gleaming» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gleaming in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gleaming.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shining brightly because clean, polished or wet: «gleaming shoes».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleaming:m1:1
# text = Shining brightly because clean, polished or wet: «gleaming shoes».
1	Shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	polished	polish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
12	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | brightly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **polish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **gleam** *in a quote* | gerund |  | shoes |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Giving out or reflecting a soft, bright light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleaming:m2:1
# text = Giving out or reflecting a soft, bright light.
1	Giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	reflecting	reflect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give out** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **reflect** | gerund |  | a soft bright light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad stared at the gleaming motor-car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleaming:x1:1
# text = Toad stared at the gleaming motor-car.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stared	stare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
6	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stare** | past | Toad |  |  |  |  | at the gleaming motor car | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at car=Theme |
| 2 | **gleam** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her shoes were gleaming after she polished them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleaming:x2:1
# text = Her shoes were gleaming after she polished them.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	polished	polish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gleam** | past · progressive | Her shoes |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **polish** | past | she | shoes *= shoe* |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river was gleaming in the sunlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleaming:x3:1
# text = The river was gleaming in the sunlight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gleam** | past · progressive | the river |  |  | the sunlight |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunlight=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat's eyes were gleaming in the dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleaming:x4:1
# text = The cat's eyes were gleaming in the dark.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gleam** | past · progressive | the cat's eyes |  |  | the dark |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kitchen was gleaming after we cleaned it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleaming:x5:1
# text = The kitchen was gleaming after we cleaned it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gleam** | past · progressive | the kitchen |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **clean** | past | we | kitchen |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His teeth were gleaming white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleaming:x6:1
# text = His teeth were gleaming white.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gleam** | past · progressive | His teeth |  |  |  |  | white *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At no great distance, they beheld a river gleaming in the sunshine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gleaming:x7:1
# text = At no great distance, they beheld a river gleaming in the sunshine.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	gleaming	gleam	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past | they | a river |  |  |  | at no great distance | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer river=Stimulus |
| 2 | **gleam** | gerund | a river *not said here* |  |  | the sunshine |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunshine=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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