---
title: glean — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «glean» in the school dictionary: To collect information bit by bit, often with effort: «I gleaned a few facts from the leaflet.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# glean

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, Ruth, farmers, We, detective, poor · **What happens:** collect, glean, gather, leave, finish, tell · **To what, where:** information bit, few facts, leaflet, grain, Bible, field · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«glean» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [glean in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/glean.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To collect information bit by bit, often with effort: «I gleaned a few facts from the leaflet.».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glean:m1:1
# text = To collect information bit by bit, often with effort: «I gleaned a few facts from the leaflet.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	collect	collect	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	gleaned	glean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	leaflet	leaflet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | to-infinitive |  | information bit |  |  |  | by bit | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bit=Theme |
| 2 | **glean** *in a quote* | past | I | a few facts |  | the leaflet |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent fact=Topic from leaflet=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old farming, Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gather the grain left in a field after the harvesters have finished; in the Bible, Ruth gleaned in Boaz's field, and farmers were told to leave the edges for the poor.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glean:m2:1
# text = To gather the grain left in a field after the harvesters have finished; in the Bible, Ruth gleaned in Boaz's field, and farmers were told to leave the edges for the poor.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gather	gather	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	harvesters	harvester	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	Ruth	Ruth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	gleaned	glean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	Boaz	Boaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	_
34	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather** | to-infinitive |  | the grain |  | the Bible |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | the grain *not said here* |  |  |  | in a field *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in field=Result |
| 3 | **finish** | present · perfect · passive |  | the harvesters |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 4 | **glean** | past | Ruth | the Bible *not said here* |  | Boaz's field |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bible=Topic |
| 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | farmers |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **leave** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | farmers *not said here* | the edges |  |  |  | for the poor | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent edge=Theme for poor=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We gleaned some facts about owls from the book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glean:x1:1
# text = We gleaned some facts about owls from the book.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gleaned	glean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	owls	owl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glean** | past | We | some facts |  | the book |  | about owls | vn learn-14-2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent fact=Topic from book=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruth gleaned barley in the field of Boaz.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glean:x2:1
# text = Ruth gleaned barley in the field of Boaz.
1	Ruth	Ruth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gleaned	glean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Boaz	Boaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glean** | past | Ruth | barley |  | the field of Boaz |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barley=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective gleaned clues from the muddy footprints.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glean:x3:1
# text = The detective gleaned clues from the muddy footprints.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gleaned	glean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	clues	clue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	footprints	footprint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glean** | past | the detective | clues |  | the muddy footprints |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent clue=Topic from footprint=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers left grain at the edges so the poor could glean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glean:x4:1
# text = Farmers left grain at the edges so the poor could glean.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nsubj	_	_
10	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	glean	glean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Farmers | grain |  | the edges |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent grain=Theme at edge=Location |
| 2 | **glean** | could | the poor |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What can you glean from this graph?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glean:x5:1
# text = What can you glean from this graph?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	glean	glean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glean** | can | you |  |  | this graph |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent what=Topic from graph=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I couldn't glean much from his short answer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glean:x6:1
# text = I couldn't glean much from his short answer.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	glean	glean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	much	much	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **glean** | could | I |  |  | his short answer |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from answer=Source |
| 2 | **answer** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a second volume, published in the following year, he added other stories gleaned from various minor manuscript collections of great rarity.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:glean:x7:1
# text = In a second volume, published in the following year, he added other stories gleaned from various minor manuscript collections of great rarity.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	volume	volume	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	gleaned	glean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
19	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	manuscript	manuscript	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	collections	collection	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	rarity	rarity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | participle |  | a second volume *not said here* |  |  | year |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  | a second volume |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **glean** | past | other stories |  |  | various minor manuscript collections of great rarity |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from collection=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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