---
title: gloat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gloat» in the school dictionary: To gloat means to show you are very pleased about your own success or about someone else's bad luck, in a smug and unkind way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gloat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, brother, She, prediction, her, It · **What happens:** gloat, mean, show, be, not gloat, win · **To what, where:** smug way, game, hands, me, chess, villain · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gloat» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gloat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gloat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gloat means to show you are very pleased about your own success or about someone else's bad luck, in a smug and unkind way.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloat:m1:1
# text = To gloat means to show you are very pleased about your own success or about someone else's bad luck, in a smug and unkind way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gloat	gloat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
15	about	about	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	20	nmod:poss	_	_
17	else	else	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
19	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	smug	smug	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
27	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **show** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a smug way |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | about your own success or someone's bad luck; pleased *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not gloat when you win a game; shake hands instead.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloat:x1:1
# text = Do not gloat when you win a game; shake hands instead.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	gloat	gloat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	win	win	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	shake	shake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **gloat** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **win** | present | you | a game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |
| 3 | **shake** | infinitive | you *not said here* | hands |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother gloated about beating me at chess all week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloat:x2:1
# text = My brother gloated about beating me at chess all week.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gloated	gloat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	chess	chess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** | past | My brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **beat** | gerund | My brother *not said here* | me |  | chess | week |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villain gloated over the trapped hero.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloat:x3:1
# text = The villain gloated over the trapped hero.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	gloated	gloat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	trapped	trap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** | participle |  | the villain *not said here* |  | the trapped hero |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **trap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She tried not to gloat when her prediction came true.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloat:x4:1
# text = She tried not to gloat when her prediction came true.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	gloat	gloat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	prediction	prediction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **gloat** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **come** | past | her prediction |  |  |  |  | true *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **predict** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom prediction «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is unkind to gloat when someone gets told off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloat:x5:1
# text = It is unkind to gloat when someone gets told off.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	gloat	gloat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	gets	get	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **gloat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **tell off** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«No gloating!» said the teacher after the quiz.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloat:x6:1
# text = «No gloating!» said the teacher after the quiz.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	_
3	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	quiz	quiz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the teacher |  |  |  | after the quiz |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fans gloated after their team won the derby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloat:x7:1
# text = The fans gloated after their team won the derby.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fans	fan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gloated	gloat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** | past | the fans |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **win** | past | fans's team | the derby |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent derby=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At last this greedy and selfish old woman put down the box by the wayside and opened it carefully, expecting to gloat her eyes on a mine of wealth.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloat:x8:1
# text = At last this greedy and selfish old woman put down the box by the wayside and opened it carefully, expecting to gloat her eyes on a mine of wealth.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj:outer	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	greedy	greedy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	selfish	selfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wayside	wayside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	expecting	expect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	gloat	gloat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	xcomp	_	_
24	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	mine	mine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put down** | participle · passive | the wayside | last |  |  |  | old woman *obl:unmarked* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent subject=Asset box=Goal |
| 2 | **open** | past | the wayside *not said here* | box |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme |
| 3 | **expect** | gerund | the wayside *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **gloat** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the wayside *not said here* | woman's eyes |  | a mine of wealth |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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