---
title: gloating — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gloating» in the school dictionary: Gloating is showing that you are pleased about your own success or about someone else's bad luck, in a smug, unkind way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gloating

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, gloating look, it, villain, Good winners, He · **What happens:** gloat, show, be, stop, steal, treasure · **To what, where:** nasty pleasure, game, stolen treasure, gloating smile, other team, treasure · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gloating» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gloating in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gloating.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gloating is showing that you are pleased about your own success or about someone else's bad luck, in a smug, unkind way.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:m1:1
# text = Gloating is showing that you are pleased about your own success or about someone else's bad luck, in a smug, unkind way.
1	Gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
13	about	about	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	18	nmod:poss	_	_
15	else	else	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
17	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
22	smug	smug	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
24	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **show** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | about your own success or someone's bad luck and a smug unkind way; pleased *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gloating look or voice shows this nasty pleasure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:m2:1
# text = A gloating look or voice shows this nasty pleasure.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
8	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	pleasure	pleasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **show** | present | a gloating look or voice | this nasty pleasure |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pleasure=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop gloating, it was only a game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:x1:1
# text = Stop gloating, it was only a game.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **gloat** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is a** | past | it | a game |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villain was gloating over his stolen treasure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:x2:1
# text = The villain was gloating over his stolen treasure.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	stolen	steal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** | past · progressive | the villain |  |  | villain's stolen treasure |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **steal** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **treasure** |  | villain |  |  |  |  |  | nom treasure «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good winners don't go round gloating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:x3:1
# text = Good winners don't go round gloating.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	winners	winner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	round	round	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go round** | present · do-support | Good winners |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **gloat** | gerund | Good winners *not said here* |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave a gloating smile when I lost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:x4:1
# text = He gave a gloating smile when I lost.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | a gloating smile |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smile=Theme |
| 2 | **gloat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **lose** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was gloating about her new phone all day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:x5:1
# text = She was gloating about her new phone all day.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** | past · progressive | She |  |  |  | day | about her new phone | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gloating makes the other team feel worse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:x6:1
# text = Gloating makes the other team feel worse.
1	Gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
7	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gloat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | the other team |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | the other team *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox sat gloating at the trapped hen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:x7:1
# text = The fox sat gloating at the trapped hen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	trapped	trap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the fox |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **gloat** | gerund | the fox *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the trapped hen | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **trap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our coach says: win nicely, no gloating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:x8:1
# text = Our coach says: win nicely, no gloating.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	nicely	nicely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Our coach |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **win** | infinitive | Our coach *not said here* |  |  |  |  | nicely *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **gloat** | gerund | Our coach *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every day he went to look at it, and would sometimes spend long hours gloating over his treasure.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gloating:x9:1
# text = Every day he went to look at it, and would sometimes spend long hours gloating over his treasure.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	13	advmod	_	_
13	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	gloating	gloat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
17	over	over	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | he |  |  |  | day |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at it | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at it=Theme |
| 3 | **spend** | would | he *not said here* |  |  |  | hour | sometimes *property* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **gloat** | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  | his treasure |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **treasure** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom treasure «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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