---
title: gnarled — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gnarled» in the school dictionary: Twisted, rough and full of knots, like an old tree trunk or branch. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gnarled

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gnarled old oak, witch, gnarled roots, gnarled hands, Gnarled olive trees, He · **What happens:** gnarl, stand, point, make, walk, mend · **To what, where:** gnarled finger, it, path, fishing nets, wind, gnarled shape · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gnarled» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gnarled in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gnarled.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Twisted, rough and full of knots, like an old tree trunk or branch.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnarled:m1:1
# text = Twisted, rough and full of knots, like an old tree trunk or branch.
1	Twisted	twisted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	knots	knot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of hands or fingers — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bent and knobbly, often from old age or hard work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnarled:m2:1
# text = Bent and knobbly, often from old age or hard work.
1	Bent	bent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	knobbly	knobbly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gnarled old oak stood by the gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnarled:x1:1
# text = A gnarled old oak stood by the gate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	gnarled	gnarl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnarl** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | past | a gnarled old oak |  |  |  |  | by the gate | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by gate=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch pointed a gnarled finger at the children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnarled:x2:1
# text = The witch pointed a gnarled finger at the children.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pointed	point	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gnarled	gnarl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point** | past | the witch | a gnarled finger |  |  |  | at the children | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient |
| 2 | **gnarl** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gnarled roots made it hard to walk along the path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnarled:x3:1
# text = The gnarled roots made it hard to walk along the path.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gnarled	gnarl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	along	along	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnarl** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | the gnarled roots | it |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 3 | **walk** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the path |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along path=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad's gnarled hands still mend fishing nets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnarled:x4:1
# text = Grandad's gnarled hands still mend fishing nets.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	gnarled	gnarl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	mend	mend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	fishing	fishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	nets	net	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnarl** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mend** | present | Grandad's gnarled hands | fishing nets |  |  | still |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gnarled olive trees can live for hundreds of years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnarled:x5:1
# text = Gnarled olive trees can live for hundreds of years.
1	Gnarled	gnarl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
2	olive	olive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	compound	_	_
3	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnarl** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | can | Gnarled olive trees |  |  |  |  | for hundreds of years | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind had twisted the tree into a gnarled shape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnarled:x6:1
# text = The wind had twisted the tree into a gnarled shape.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	twisted	twist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	gnarled	gnarl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **twist** | past · perfect · passive |  | the wind |  | a gnarled shape |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: subject=Theme tree=Result |
| 2 | **gnarl** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He called her his dryad, she said, and the tree his tree; for the grand old oak, with its gnarled trunk, was just to his taste.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnarled:x7:1
# text = He called her his dryad, she said, and the tree his tree; for the grand old oak, with its gnarled trunk, was just to his taste.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	dryad	dryad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	grand	grand	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	gnarled	gnarl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	amod	_	_
25	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
28	just	just	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | He |  | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | dryad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tree** |  | the tree |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **gnarl** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past | dryad *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to tree's taste | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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