---
title: gnash — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gnash» in the school dictionary: To gnash is to grind the teeth together hard, often in anger or pain. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gnash

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** witch, wolf, she, giant · **What happens:** gnash, be, clench, grind, begin, see · **To what, where:** teeth, rage, trap

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«gnash» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gnash in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gnash.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gnash is to grind the teeth together hard, often in anger or pain.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnash:m1:1
# text = To gnash is to grind the teeth together hard, often in anger or pain.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gnash	gnash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grind	grind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnash** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | grind, hard *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: in fairy tales — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To gnash the teeth is to show rage or fear by clenching and grinding them.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnash:m2:1
# text = To gnash the teeth is to show rage or fear by clenching and grinding them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	gnash	gnash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	rage	rage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	clenching	clench	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	grinding	grind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnash** | to-infinitive |  | the teeth |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | show *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **clench** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **grind** | gerund |  | rage |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch began gnashing her teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnash:x1:1
# text = The witch began gnashing her teeth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gnashing	gnash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the witch |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **gnash** | gerund | the witch *not said here* | witch's teeth |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wolf gnashed his teeth in fury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnash:x2:1
# text = The wolf gnashed his teeth in fury.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gnashed	gnash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fury	fury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gnash** | past | the wolf | wolf's teeth |  |  |  | in fury | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient in fury=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When she saw the trap, the giant gnashed his teeth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gnash:x3:1
# text = When she saw the trap, the giant gnashed his teeth.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trap	trap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	gnashed	gnash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | she | the trap |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trap=Stimulus |
| 2 | **gnash** | past | the giant | giant's teeth |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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