---
title: goldsmith — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «goldsmith» in the school dictionary: A person who makes jewellery, cups, plates or other objects out of gold. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# goldsmith

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, goldsmiths, money, goldsmith, museum, cousin · **What happens:** make, keep, lend, help, start, melt · **To what, where:** jewellery, gold, history, money, first banks, ring

<!-- .vabout -->
«goldsmith» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [goldsmith in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/goldsmith.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who makes jewellery, cups, plates or other objects out of gold.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goldsmith:m1:1
# text = A person who makes jewellery, cups, plates or other objects out of gold.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	jewellery	jewellery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a person | jewellery |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jewellery=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In history, goldsmiths also kept people's gold safe and lent money, which helped start the first banks.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goldsmith:m2:1
# text = In history, goldsmiths also kept people's gold safe and lent money, which helped start the first banks.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	goldsmiths	goldsmith	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	lent	lend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	amod	_	_
20	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | goldsmiths | people's gold |  | history |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent gold=Theme in history=Location |
| 2 | **lend** | past | goldsmiths *not said here* | money |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 3 | **help** | past | money |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **start** | infinitive | money *not said here* | the first banks |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bank=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goldsmith made a ring for the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goldsmith:x1:1
# text = The goldsmith made a ring for the king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goldsmith	goldsmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the goldsmith | a ring |  |  |  | for the king | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent ring=Material for king=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A goldsmith melts gold and hammers it into shape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goldsmith:x2:1
# text = A goldsmith melts gold and hammers it into shape.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goldsmith	goldsmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	melts	melt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	hammers	hammer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present | a goldsmith | gold |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient gold=Result |
| 2 | **hammer** | present | a goldsmith *not said here* | gold |  |  |  | into shape *result* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent it=Patient into shape=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In medieval London goldsmiths had shops on Cheapside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goldsmith:x3:1
# text = In medieval London goldsmiths had shops on Cheapside.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	goldsmiths	goldsmith	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Cheapside	Cheapside	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | goldsmiths | shops |  | medieval London |  | on Cheapside | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shop=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum showed cups made by a famous goldsmith.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goldsmith:x4:1
# text = The museum showed cups made by a famous goldsmith.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	goldsmith	goldsmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the museum | cups |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cup=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | cups *not said here* |  |  |  | by a famous goldsmith | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Goldsmiths in the 1600s kept merchants' gold in strong rooms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goldsmith:x5:1
# text = Goldsmiths in the 1600s kept merchants' gold in strong rooms.
1	Goldsmiths	goldsmith	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	1600s	1600	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
5	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	rooms	room	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Goldsmiths in the 1600s | merchants's gold |  | strong rooms |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent gold=Theme in room=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin is training to be a goldsmith.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goldsmith:x6:1
# text = My cousin is training to be a goldsmith.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	training	train	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	goldsmith	goldsmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | present · progressive | My cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | My cousin *not said here* | a goldsmith |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goldsmith fled for his life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goldsmith:x7:1
# text = The goldsmith fled for his life.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goldsmith	goldsmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flee** | past | the goldsmith |  |  |  |  | for goldsmith's life | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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