---
title: goliath — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «goliath» in the school dictionary: Goliath was a giant Philistine warrior whom the young shepherd David killed with a stone from his sling. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# goliath

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Goliath, young shepherd, smaller one, David, village team, Goliath beetle · **What happens:** be, kill, beat, wear, sling, fall · **To what, where:** giant Philistine warrior, sling, big strong person, heavy armour, stone, David game

<!-- .vabout -->
«goliath» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [goliath in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/goliath.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Goliath was a giant Philistine warrior whom the young shepherd David killed with a stone from his sling.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goliath:m1:1
# text = Goliath was a giant Philistine warrior whom the young shepherd David killed with a stone from his sling.
1	Goliath	Goliath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Philistine	Philistine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
12	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	sling	sling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Goliath | a giant Philistine warrior |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **kill** | past | the young shepherd | a giant Philistine warrior |  | shepherd's sling |  | with a stone | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme from sling=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A goliath is a very big, strong person, company or thing, often one that is beaten by a smaller one.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goliath:m2:1
# text = A goliath is a very big, strong person, company or thing, often one that is beaten by a smaller one.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goliath	goliath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	appos	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a goliath | a big strong person and company or thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **beat** | present · passive | a smaller one |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Goliath was over nine feet tall and wore heavy armour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goliath:x1:1
# text = Goliath was over nine feet tall and wore heavy armour.
1	Goliath	Goliath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	over	over	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Goliath |  |  |  |  | nine feet *obl:unmarked*; tall *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | past | Goliath *not said here* | heavy armour |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armour=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
David slung a stone, and Goliath fell to the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goliath:x2:1
# text = David slung a stone, and Goliath fell to the ground.
1	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	slung	sling	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	Goliath	Goliath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sling** | past | David | a stone |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | past | Goliath |  |  |  |  | to the ground | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to ground=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our village team against the champions was a real David and Goliath game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goliath:x3:1
# text = Our village team against the champions was a real David and Goliath game.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	champions	champion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	Goliath	Goliath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Our village team against the champions | a David game |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Goliath beetle is one of the heaviest insects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goliath:x4:1
# text = The Goliath beetle is one of the heaviest insects.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Goliath	goliath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	heaviest	heavy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Goliath beetle | one |  |  |  | of the heaviest insects | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little shop stood up to the supermarket goliath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goliath:x5:1
# text = The little shop stood up to the supermarket goliath.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	supermarket	supermarket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	goliath	goliath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | past | the little shop |  |  |  |  | to the supermarket goliath | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone was afraid of Goliath except David.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goliath:x6:1
# text = Everyone was afraid of Goliath except David.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Goliath	Goliath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	except	except	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Everyone |  |  |  |  | of Goliath; except David; afraid *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Certainly a Goliath like you could creep in with ease, and throw out the coins to us."

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goliath:x7:1
# text = Certainly a Goliath like you could creep in with ease, and throw out the coins to us."
1	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Goliath	goliath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	creep	creep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	ease	ease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **creep in** | could | a Goliath like you |  |  |  |  | with ease; certainly *property* | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with ease=Theme |
| 2 | **throw out** | infinitive | a Goliath like you *not said here* | the coins | us |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent coin=Theme to we=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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