---
title: golosh — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «golosh» in the school dictionary: A rubber shoe worn over an ordinary shoe to keep it dry in rain or snow; an overshoe. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# golosh

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grandpa, you, shoes, old lady, Galoshes, many people · **What happens:** wear, keep, pull, go out, put, get · **To what, where:** rubber shoe, ordinary shoe, it, rain, snow, goloshes

<!-- .vabout -->
«golosh» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [golosh in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/golosh.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rubber shoe worn over an ordinary shoe to keep it dry in rain or snow; an overshoe.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:golosh:m1:1
# text = A rubber shoe worn over an ordinary shoe to keep it dry in rain or snow; an overshoe.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	overshoe	overshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | participle |  | a rubber shoe and a overshoe *not said here* |  | a ordinary shoe |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | it |  | rain or snow |  | dry *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme in rain=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa pulled on his goloshes before going out in the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:golosh:x1:1
# text = Grandpa pulled on his goloshes before going out in the snow.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	goloshes	golosh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | past | Grandpa |  |  |  |  | on Grandpa's goloshes | vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on golosh=Theme |
| 2 | **go out** | gerund | Grandpa *not said here* |  |  | the snow |  |  | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put your goloshes on or your shoes will get muddy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:golosh:x2:1
# text = Put your goloshes on or your shoes will get muddy.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	goloshes	golosh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
10	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | your goloshes |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent golosh=Goal |
| 2 | **get** | future | your shoes |  |  |  |  | muddy *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old lady left her wet goloshes by the door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:golosh:x3:1
# text = The old lady left her wet goloshes by the door.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	goloshes	golosh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the old lady | her *= she* |  |  |  | by the door | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent she=Theme golosh=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Galoshes keep your shoes clean and dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:golosh:x4:1
# text = Galoshes keep your shoes clean and dry.
1	Galoshes	galosh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Galoshes | your shoes |  |  |  | clean *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the 1900s, many people wore goloshes in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:golosh:x5:1
# text = In the 1900s, many people wore goloshes in winter.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	1900s	1900	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	goloshes	golosh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | many people | goloshes |  | the 1900s | winter |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent golosh=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He slipped his goloshes off in the hall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:golosh:x6:1
# text = He slipped his goloshes off in the hall.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	slipped	slip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	goloshes	golosh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slip off** | past | He | his goloshes |  | the hall |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent golosh=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There lay the goloshes, which the watchman had forgotten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:golosh:x7:1
# text = There lay the goloshes, which the watchman had forgotten.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	goloshes	golosh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	watchman	watchman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past |  | the goloshes |  | there |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location golosh=Theme |
| 2 | **forget** | past · perfect | the watchman | the goloshes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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