---
title: gondola — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gondola» in the school dictionary: A long, narrow, flat-bottomed boat with a high point at each end, rowed by one person standing at the back with one oar, used on the canals of Venice in Italy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gondola

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** one person, cabin, cable, We, gondolier, Sea Rat · **What happens:** bottom, row, stand, use, hang, carry up · **To what, where:** back, canals, cable, people, air balloon, gondola

<!-- .vabout -->
«gondola» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gondola in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gondola.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long, narrow, flat-bottomed boat with a high point at each end, rowed by one person standing at the back with one oar, used on the canals of Venice in Italy.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:m1:1
# text = A long, narrow, flat-bottomed boat with a high point at each end, rowed by one person standing at the back with one oar, used on the canals of Venice in Italy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	bottomed	bottom	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	rowed	row	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	oar	oar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	_
31	on	on	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	canals	canal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Venice	Venice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bottom** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **row** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by one person | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | one person *not said here* |  |  | the back |  | with one oar | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at back=Location |
| 4 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | the canals of Venice in Italy |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cabin hanging from a cable that carries people up a mountain (a cable car).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:m2:1
# text = A cabin hanging from a cable that carries people up a mountain (a cable car).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cabin	cabin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cable	cable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	cable	cable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | gerund | a cabin *not said here* |  |  | a cable |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **carry up** | present | a cable |  | people |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme people=Beneficiary mountain=Value |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A basket or cabin hanging under a hot-air balloon or airship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:m3:1
# text = A basket or cabin hanging under a hot-air balloon or airship.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	basket	basket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	cabin	cabin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	airship	airship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | gerund | cabin *not said here* |  |  | a air balloon or airship |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under balloon=Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: shops — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A free-standing set of shelves in a supermarket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:m4:1
# text = A free-standing set of shelves in a supermarket.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	shelves	shelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	supermarket	supermarket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We rode in a gondola along the canals of Venice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:x1:1
# text = We rode in a gondola along the canals of Venice.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	gondola	gondola	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	canals	canal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Venice	Venice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | We |  |  | a gondola |  | along the canals of Venice | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along canal=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gondolier sang as he rowed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:x2:1
# text = The gondolier sang as he rowed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gondolier	gondolier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	rowed	row	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the gondolier |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **row** | past | gondolier |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We took the gondola up to the top of the mountain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:x3:1
# text = We took the gondola up to the top of the mountain.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gondola	gondola	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take up** | past | We | the gondola |  | the top of the mountain |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent gondola=Theme to top=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sea Rat talked of gondolas and lamps in Venice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:x4:1
# text = The Sea Rat talked of gondolas and lamps in Venice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	talked	talk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gondolas	gondola	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	lamps	lamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Venice	Venice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | past | the Sea Rat |  |  | Venice |  | of gondolas and lamps | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hot-air balloon's gondola was made of wicker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:x5:1
# text = The hot-air balloon's gondola was made of wicker.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	gondola	gondola	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	wicker	wicker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | the air balloon's gondola |  |  |  | of wicker | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gondola swayed gently in the wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:x6:1
# text = The gondola swayed gently in the wind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gondola	gondola	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swayed	sway	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sway** | past | the gondola |  |  | the wind |  | gently *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wide stream flowed through the garden, and on it floated richly ornamented barges and gondolas filled with people dressed in the most elegant manner and covered with jewels.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gondola:x7:1
# text = A wide stream flowed through the garden, and on it floated richly ornamented barges and gondolas filled with people dressed in the most elegant manner and covered with jewels.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	flowed	flow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	floated	float	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	richly	richly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	ornamented	ornament	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	barges	barge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	gondolas	gondola	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
21	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	25	advmod	_	_
25	elegant	elegant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	conj	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	jewels	jewel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | participle |  | a wide stream *not said here* |  | the garden |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through garden=Location |
| 2 | **float** | past | a wide stream | ornamented barges and gondolas |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barge=Agent |
| 3 | **ornament** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | richly *property* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **fill** | participle |  | ornamented barges and gondolas *not said here* |  |  |  | with people | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with people=Instrument |
| 5 | **dress** | participle |  | people *not said here* |  | the elegant manner |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with jewels | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with jewel=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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