---
title: goodbye — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «goodbye» in the school dictionary: Goodbye is what you say when you leave someone or when they leave. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# goodbye

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Goodbye, you, they, act, we, Saying · **What happens:** be, say, leave, see, wave, hang up · **To what, where:** someone, act, this, goodbye, Grandma, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«goodbye» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [goodbye in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/goodbye.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Goodbye is what you say when you leave someone or when they leave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:m1:1
# text = Goodbye is what you say when you leave someone or when they leave.
1	Goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Goodbye |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **leave** | present | you | someone |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 4 | **leave** | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A goodbye is the act of saying this: a sad goodbye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:m2:1
# text = A goodbye is the act of saying this: a sad goodbye.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a goodbye | the act |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the act *not said here* | this |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent this=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Say goodbye to Grandma before we leave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x1:1
# text = Say goodbye to Grandma before we leave.
1	Say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* | goodbye | Grandma |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic to grandma=Recipient |
| 2 | **leave** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Goodbye! See you tomorrow!

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Goodbye!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x2:1
# text = Goodbye!
1	Goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* See you tomorrow!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x2:2
# text = See you tomorrow!
1	See	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | imperative | you *not said here* | you |  |  | tomorrow |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We waved goodbye to Dad at the station.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x3:1
# text = We waved goodbye to Dad at the station.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | past | We | goodbye | Dad | the station |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent goodbye=Theme to dad=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying goodbye to my best friend was very sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x4:1
# text = Saying goodbye to my best friend was very sad.
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	csubj	_	_
2	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | goodbye | my best friend |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic to friend=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | past | Saying |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's polite to say goodbye when you hang up the phone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x5:1
# text = It's polite to say goodbye when you hang up the phone.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hang	hang	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | polite *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | goodbye |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hang up** | present | you | the phone |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phone=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We said a last goodbye to our old dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x6:1
# text = We said a last goodbye to our old dog.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | We | a last goodbye | our old dog |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic to dog=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Goodbye, Miss Clark!» the children called.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x7:1
# text = «Goodbye, Miss Clark!» the children called.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	Miss	Miss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Clark	Clark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle · passive |  | Goodbye |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bye-bye, little kitten!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x8:1
# text = Bye-bye, little kitten!
1	Bye	bye	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	bye	bye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kitten	kitten	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So, goodbye for the present, you will soon see me back.”

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:goodbye:x9:1
# text = So, goodbye for the present, you will soon see me back.”
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	vocative	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
12	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	back	back	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see back** | future | you | me |  |  |  | goodbye for the present *vocative*; soon *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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