---
title: gospels — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gospels» in the school dictionary: The Gospels are the first four books of the New Testament, by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, which tell the life and teaching of Jesus. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gospels

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Gospels, first four books, gospel, four Gospels, priest, school · **What happens:** be, tell, teach, gospel, mean, have · **To what, where:** first four books, life, Jesus, Christian message, lively style, truth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gospels» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gospels in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gospels.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Gospels are the first four books of the New Testament, by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, which tell the life and teaching of Jesus.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:m1:1
# text = The Gospels are the first four books of the New Testament, by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, which tell the life and teaching of Jesus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Gospels	Gospel	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
6	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	New	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Testament	Testament	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Matthew	Matthew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Mark	Mark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Luke	Luke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	teaching	teaching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Gospels | the first four books |  |  |  | of the New Testament | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the first four books | the life and teaching of Jesus |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent life=Recipient |
| 3 | **teach** |  |  | Jesus |  |  |  |  | nom teaching «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gospel is the Christian message, the «good news» about Jesus.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:m2:1
# text = The gospel is the Christian message, the «good news» about Jesus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gospel	gospel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the gospel | the Christian message |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gospel (music) is a lively style of Christian singing from African American churches.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:m3:1
# text = Gospel (music) is a lively style of Christian singing from African American churches.
1	Gospel	gospel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	lively	lively	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Gospel | a lively style |  |  |  | of Christian singing from African American churches | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Gospel» or «gospel truth» means something completely true.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:m4:1
# text = «Gospel» or «gospel truth» means something completely true.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Gospel	gospel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	gospel	gospel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
7	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gospel** *in a quote* | infinitive | Gospel *not said here* | truth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Gospel | something |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The four Gospels tell the story of Jesus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:x1:1
# text = The four Gospels tell the story of Jesus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	Gospels	Gospel	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the four Gospels | the story of Jesus |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Gospel of Luke has the story of the Good Samaritan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:x2:1
# text = The Gospel of Luke has the story of the Good Samaritan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Gospel	Gospel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Luke	Luke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Samaritan	Samaritan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Gospel of Luke | the story of the Good Samaritan |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The priest read from one of the Gospels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:x3:1
# text = The priest read from one of the Gospels.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Gospels	Gospel	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | the priest |  |  |  |  | from one of the Gospels | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from one=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has a gospel choir.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:x4:1
# text = Our school has a gospel choir.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gospel	gospel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school | a gospel choir |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent choir=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Gospel» comes from an old word meaning «good news».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:x5:1
# text = «Gospel» comes from an old word meaning «good news».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Gospel	Gospel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Gospel |  |  | a old word |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from word=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a old word *not said here* | good news |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent news=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't take everything online as gospel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:x6:1
# text = Don't take everything online as gospel.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	obj	_	_
5	online	online	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	gospel	gospel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **take** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | everything |  |  |  | as gospel; online *property* | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent everything=Theme as gospel=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Matthew, Mark, Luke and John are called the Gospels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gospels:x7:1
# text = Matthew, Mark, Luke and John are called the Gospels.
1	Matthew	Matthew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Mark	Mark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Luke	Luke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Gospels	Gospel	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Matthew and Mark and Luke and John |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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