---
title: gourd — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gourd» in the school dictionary: A large fruit with a hard skin, related to pumpkins and melons, often dried and hollowed out. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gourd

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gourd, traveller, We, Pumpkins, people, you · **What happens:** dry, hollow out, make, use, mean, drink · **To what, where:** pumpkins, bowl, dried gourd, water, gourd, gourds

<!-- .vabout -->
«gourd» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gourd in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gourd.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large fruit with a hard skin, related to pumpkins and melons, often dried and hollowed out.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:m1:1
# text = A large fruit with a hard skin, related to pumpkins and melons, often dried and hollowed out.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	pumpkins	pumpkin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	melons	melon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	hollowed	hollow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | participle |  | pumpkins and melons *not said here* |  |  |  | often *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **hollow out** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A container, bottle or bowl made from a dried gourd, used for water or as a musical rattle.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:m2:1
# text = A container, bottle or bowl made from a dried gourd, used for water or as a musical rattle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	container	container	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	gourd	gourd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	rattle	rattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | bowl *not said here* |  | a dried gourd |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from gourd=Material |
| 2 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a dried gourd *not said here* |  |  |  | for water or a musical rattle | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Out of your gourd means crazy or silly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:m3:1
# text = Out of your gourd means crazy or silly.
1	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	gourd	gourd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	crazy	crazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | your gourd |  |  |  |  | crazy *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The traveller drank water from a gourd.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:x1:1
# text = The traveller drank water from a gourd.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	traveller	traveller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	drank	drink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gourd	gourd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | past | the traveller | water |  | a gourd |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We painted gourds for the harvest festival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:x2:1
# text = We painted gourds for the harvest festival.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	gourds	gourd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	harvest	harvest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	festival	festival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | We | gourds |  |  |  | for the harvest festival | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent gourd=Result for festival=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Maracas were first made from dried gourds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:x3:1
# text = Maracas were first made from dried gourds.
1	Maracas	maraca	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	gourds	gourd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Maracas |  | dried gourds |  | first *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from gourd=Material |
| 2 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pumpkins, squashes and gourds belong to the same family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:x4:1
# text = Pumpkins, squashes and gourds belong to the same family.
1	Pumpkins	pumpkin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	squashes	squash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	gourds	gourd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | Pumpkins and squashes and gourds |  |  |  |  | to the same family | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Argentina people drink mate tea from a gourd.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:x5:1
# text = In Argentina people drink mate tea from a gourd.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Argentina	Argentina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drink	drink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gourd	gourd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drink** | present | people | mate tea |  | Argentina |  | from a gourd | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tea=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Are you out of your gourd? It's snowing and you're in shorts!

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Are you out of your gourd?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:x6:1
# text = Are you out of your gourd?
1	Are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	gourd	gourd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | you |  |  | your gourd |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It's snowing and you're in shorts!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:x6:2
# text = It's snowing and you're in shorts!
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	snowing	snow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	shorts	short	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snow** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  | shorts |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Here he was seized with dreadful thirst; he took his gourd and raised it to his lips.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gourd:x7:1
# text = Here he was seized with dreadful thirst; he took his gourd and raised it to his lips.
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	seized	seize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	dreadful	dreadful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	thirst	thirst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	gourd	gourd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past · passive |  | he |  | here |  | with dreadful thirst | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past | he | his gourd |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gourd=Theme |
| 3 | **raise** | past | he *not said here* | gourd |  | his lips |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to lip=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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