---
title: governance — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «governance» in the school dictionary: Governance is the way a country, organisation or school is run and controlled, including who makes decisions and how. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# governance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Governance, report, Good governance, leaders, charity, Citizens · **What happens:** be, run, control, make, look, mean · **To what, where:** way, decisions, governance, say, mayor, money · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«governance» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [governance in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/governance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Governance is the way a country, organisation or school is run and controlled, including who makes decisions and how.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:governance:m1:1
# text = Governance is the way a country, organisation or school is run and controlled, including who makes decisions and how.
1	Governance	governance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	including	including	ADP	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
19	decisions	decision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Governance | the way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **control** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **make** | present |  | decisions |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decision=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The report looked at the governance of the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:governance:x1:1
# text = The report looked at the governance of the school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	governance	governance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the report |  |  |  |  | at the governance of the school | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at governance=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good governance means leaders are honest and fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:governance:x2:1
# text = Good governance means leaders are honest and fair.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	governance	governance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Good governance |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | leaders |  |  |  |  | honest *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | leaders *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The charity changed its governance after problems.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:governance:x3:1
# text = The charity changed its governance after problems.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	governance	governance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the charity | charity's governance |  |  | after problems |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent governance=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Citizens have a say in the governance of their country by voting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:governance:x4:1
# text = Citizens have a say in the governance of their country by voting.
1	Citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	say	say	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	governance	governance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	voting	vote	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Citizens | a say |  | the governance of Citizens's country |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent say=Patient |
| 2 | **vote** | gerund | Citizens's country *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company's governance is checked every year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:governance:x5:1
# text = The company's governance is checked every year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	governance	governance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	checked	check	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present · passive |  | the company's governance |  |  | year |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Students learned about local governance from the mayor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:governance:x6:1
# text = Students learned about local governance from the mayor.
1	Students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	governance	governance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mayor	mayor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | Students |  |  | the mayor |  | about local governance | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.theme PP.source»: agent=Agent about governance=Theme from mayor=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Weak governance can let money be wasted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:governance:x7:1
# text = Weak governance can let money be wasted.
1	Weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	governance	governance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	wasted	waste	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | can | Weak governance | money |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **waste** | infinitive · passive | money *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP» |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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