---
title: gracious — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «gracious» in the school dictionary: Kind, polite and generous, especially to people who have less power. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# gracious

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Kind people, Christians, God, queen, she, you · **What happens:** have, show, say, be, meet, shake · **To what, where:** less power, surprise, defeat, hands, us, home · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«gracious» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [gracious in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/gracious.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kind, polite and generous, especially to people who have less power.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:m1:1
# text = Kind, polite and generous, especially to people who have less power.
1	Kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	generous	generous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Kind people | less power |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Graceful, comfortable and elegant: gracious living.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:m2:1
# text = Graceful, comfortable and elegant: gracious living.
1	Graceful	graceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	elegant	elegant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: exclamation, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gracious! or Goodness gracious! shows surprise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:m3:1
# text = Gracious! or Goodness gracious! shows surprise.
1	Gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	Goodness	goodness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
7	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present |  | surprise |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent surprise=Recipient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Full of mercy and kindness, as when Christians say God is gracious.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:m4:1
# text = Full of mercy and kindness, as when Christians say God is gracious.
1	Full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	mercy	mercy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | God |  |  |  |  | gracious *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The queen was gracious to everyone she met.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:x1:1
# text = The queen was gracious to everyone she met.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the queen |  |  |  |  | to everyone; gracious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **meet** | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be gracious in defeat and shake hands with the winners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:x2:1
# text = Be gracious in defeat and shake hands with the winners.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	csubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	winners	winner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  | defeat |  | gracious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **shake** | imperative | you *not said here* | hands |  |  |  | with the winners | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient with winner=Co-Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Goodness gracious, look at the mess in here!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:x3:1
# text = Goodness gracious, look at the mess in here!
1	Goodness	goodness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | infinitive | Goodness |  |  |  |  | at the mess | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at mess=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our host was gracious and made us feel at home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:x4:1
# text = Our host was gracious and made us feel at home.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Our host |  |  |  |  | gracious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | Our host *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  | home |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent at home=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians believe God is gracious and forgiving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:x5:1
# text = Christians believe God is gracious and forgiving.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	forgiving	forgive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | God |  |  |  |  | gracious *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **forgive** | gerund | God *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They lived in a gracious old house with big gardens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:x6:1
# text = They lived in a gracious old house with big gardens.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | They |  |  | a gracious old house with big gardens |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in house=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thank you, that's very gracious of you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:gracious:x7:1
# text = Thank you, that's very gracious of you.
1	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	gracious	gracious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | that |  |  |  |  | of you; gracious *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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